General microbiology

A. Volutin granules B. Plasmids C. Capsule
D. Spores E. Flagella
2. On examination of a 6-year-old child the doctor noticed greyish film on the child’s tonsils. Microscopy of the smear stained by Neisser method detected there Corynebacterium diphtheria. What morphologic feature was the most indicative for determining the type of the agent?
A. Fence-like position of the agent’s cells
B. Spores that exceed cells in diameter
C. Localization of the causative agent within macrophages
D. Polar placement of volutin granules
E. Presence of the capsule
3. A smear from the tonsillar coating of a patient with suspected diphtheria was found to contain blue bacilli with a thickening at the poles. What method of smear staining was used?
A. Leffler B. Burri C. Hins D. Gram E. Neisser
4. Microscopy of smear preparation stained with methylene blue revealed bacilli with clublike expansions on their ends similar to C.diphtheriae. What additional method of staining should be used to verify this assumption?
A. Neisser B. Kozlovsky C. Ziehl-Neelsen
D. Zdrodovsky E. Aujeszky
5. There are several cases of children from boarding school suffering from sore throat. Microscopy of tonsil smears stained according to Neisser method has revealed thin yellow bacilli with dark brown grains on their ends placed in the shape of Roman numeral five. What infection can be suspected in this case?
A. Diphtheria B. Infectious mononucleosis
C. Listeriosis D. Tonsillitis E. Scarlet fever
6. A sample taken from the pharynx of a patient with angina was inoculated on the blood-tellurite agar. This resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies up to 4-5 mm in diameter. Microscopically there can be seen gram-positive rods with club-shaped ends arranged in form of spread fingers. What microorganisms are these?
A. Corynebacteria diphtheriae B. Clostr. botulinum
C. Diphtheroids D. Streptococci E. Streptobacilli
7. After inoculation of the material obtained from the pharynx of an angina patient onto the blood-tellurite agar, grey colonies could be observed. They were 4-5 mm in diameter, radially striated (in form of rosettes). Microscopical examination revealed gram-positive bacilli with clavate swollen ends arranged in form of wide-spread fingers. Identify these microorganisms:
A. Diphtheria corynebacteria B. Clostr. botulinum
C. Diphtheroids D. Streptococci E. Streptobacilli
8. Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into bloodtellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
A. Diphtheria corynebacteria B. Botulism clostridia
C. Diphtheroids D. Streptococci E. Streptobacilli
9. A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following differential diagnostic medium:
A. Blood tellurite agar B. Endo’s agar
C. Ploskyrev’s agar D. Sabouraud’s agar E. Levenshtein-Yessen agar
10. From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted a microorganism which is identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. Microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
A. Cultivation in the telluric media B. Chromosome mutation
C. Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
D. Phage conversion E. Growing with antiserum
11. Autopsy of a dead 6-year-old child revealed a marked edema of the soft tissues of neck and enlarged tonsils. Pharyngeal mucosa was covered with numerous dense whitish-yellow pellicles exposing deep ulcers after their removal. What infectious disease caused the death of the child?
A. Diphtheria B. Parainfluenza C. Scarlet fever
D. Whooping cough E. -
12. While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous tonsils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some gram-positive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?
A. Diphtheria B. Angina C. Scarlet fever
D. Meningococcal nasopharyngitis E. Epidemic parotitis
13. During examination of a 6-yearold child a doctor revealed greyish films on the pharyngeal tonsils. Their removal provoked moderate haemorrhage. Bacterioscopy revealed gram-positive clublike bacteria. What symptoms will develop in this child within the next few days if no specific treatment is provided?
A. Toxic lesions of myocard, liver and kidney
B. Pulmonary edema C. Strong paroxysmal cough
D. Papulous skinrash E. Intermittent fever
14. A 5 y.o. girl has high temperature and sore throat. Objectively: soft palate edema, tonsills are covered with grey films that can be hardly removed and leave deep bleeding tissue injuries. What disease is the most probable?
A. Pharyngeal diphtheria B. Vincent’s angina
C. Lacunar angina D. Infectious mononucleosis
E. Necrotic angina
15. A diseased child has a high fever, sore throat, swelling of submandibular lymph nodes. Objectively: pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, moderately hyperemic, the tonsils are enlarged, covered with grayish membrane tightly adhering to the tissues above. Attempts to remove the membrane produce the bleeding defects. What disease are these presentations typical for?
A. Diphtheria B. Catarrhal tonsillitis
C. Scarlet fever D. Meningitis E. Measles
16. A woman complains of high temperature to 38⁰C, mild pain in the throat during 3 days. On examination: angle lymphatic nodes of the jaw are 3 cm enlarged, palatinel tonsils are enlarged and coated with grey plaque which spreads to the uvula and frontal palatinel arches. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Larynx diphtheria B. Infectious mononucleosis
C. Vincent’s angina D. Agranulocytosis E. Oropharyngeal candidosis
17. A 4-year-old boy had untimely vaccination. He complains of painful swallowing, headache, inertness, fever. Objectively: the child is pale, has enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes, swollen tonsils with cyanotic hyperemia, tonsils are covered with gray-white pellicles which cannot be easily removed. When the pellicles are forcibly removed, the tonsils bleed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Oropharyngeal diphtheria B. Lacunar tonsillitis
C. Pseudomembranous tonsillitis
D. Infectious mononucleosis E. Follicular tonsillitis
18. A 24 year old patient complains about general weakness, dizziness, body temperature rise up to 37,5^oC, sore throat, neck edema, enlargement of submaxillary lymph nodes. Objectively: mucous membrane of oropharynx is edematic and cyanotic, tonsils are enlarged and covered with films that spread beyond the tonsils and cannot be easily removed. What is the leading mechanism of this illness’ development?
A. Action of bacterial exotoxin
B. Action of bacterial endotoxin C. Allergic
D. Accumulation of suboxidated products E. Bacteriemia
19. From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated. Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to make a conclusion that this is a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
A