Global Trends of «Green» Economy Development as a Factor for Improvement of Economical and Social Prosperity

2. 
Main part 
Nowadays, all the countries in the world, their technologies, education and other scopes of activities are 
characterized with an absolutely new approach to conducting business which is modernization. Whatever is 
produced, studied or introduced has to meet certain requirements. These requirements differ in the majority of 
countries. A lot depends on the level of economic development of a country, its manufacturing base, scientific 
and technical development and so on. 
In terms of such requirements it is necessary to note that aims of a state in the economic planning will slightly 
differ (Egorova, 2013). In terms of the above said it is necessary to note that all the countries all over the world 
treated the transition of the economic policy from their own point of view. 
Thus, initially developed countries determined a transition to the “green” economy as an increase of 
workplaces and marketability development. Developing countries concentrated on solution of issues regarding 
poverty and stable development planning. BRICS country group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) 
chose a strategy for effective use of natural resources (Cato, 2009).
There is no doubt that a trigger for development and formation of the “green” economy in the world is overall 
global crisis of 2008, when every country in the world faced financial, fuel, and food problems, moreover, a lot 
of countries faced the said problems altogether. Because of the difficult situation, UNEP (United Nations 
Environment Program) is developing a plan of transition to the “green” economy for global economic leaders: 
China, the USA, Russia, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Projects for different countries are individual 
and they reflect both solutions for general interstate problems and problems within a country. It is so-called a 
detached and outward glance. 
The main reason of the crisis of 2008, as the UNEP Executive Director and Under-Secretary-General of the 
United Nations Achim Steiner notes, was the fact that a lot of countries whose economies specified the world 
economy, simply stopped to realize the ongoing market situation and failed to re-orientate them in time. 
Therefore, the governments were not ready for possible consequences of fuel and energy boom that led rather to 

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negative results in all scopes of national activities than to positive results in energy provision of countries 
(Goulet, 1992). 
A common aim for countries during the transition to the “green” economy is environmentally friendly 
production that is focused on “clean” technologies, i.e. technologies related to woods and soils, as these natural 
resources are highly reproducible and renewable. This refocusing in technologies could allow taking into account 
an impact of the technologies on the climate and increasing growth of working places (Golub, 2003).
According to the results of 2008 – 2012 it can be noted that there is some kind of problem understanding, 
building-up and development of projects on complex transition to the economy of a new model. This period, in 
general, may be called a stagnant period, as drastic and radical changes were not done in this sphere. 
We could see a rapid development of “green” economic sector at the end of 2011-2012, when two factors of 
the focus became the whole.
These factors are institutional and investment ones. It is obvious that a development of a separate factor will 
not lead to a positive result, as, at first, investment are required to be done into projects, which realization will 
lead not only to investments refunding but also to productive capital increasing in the focused area within short 
and middle terms. (Davies, 2011). 
By the middle of 2011, 89 countries had a distinctly formed position regarding realization of a new economic 
sector, which was absolutely new, to be more precise, totally forgotten, and gone in the deep past. All 89 
countries developed projects, set main goals and desired results alongside with the ways of approaching them. 
Thus, 73 countries of 89 chose a transition of energy industry to controlling system of eco-fuel which allows to 
develop oil and gas fields more rationally, as well as to have a complex use of other types of carbon fuels (coal, 
blacks, turfs etc) (Max-Neef Manfred, 1995).
This direction was called a decarbonization of economy - a priority for the transition to a "green" economy 
model. (World Bank: Social Indicators of Development, 1995)
Talking about investments, we can say that the results here are even much more amazing than in the 
legislative sector. Investments started to arrive promptly and in a sufficiently large scale at the first mention of 
the integration into the economies of the countries of the "green" sector. The special effect is made through 
investments of the "Big Twenty" countries. Actually, this is of no surprise, as these countries have concentrated 
the world's major resources that ensure a high level of financial capital of the "Big Twenty". 
A process of investment in RES (renewable energy sources) is observable, i.e. the process of decarbonizing 
global technologies and national economies in particular is going on effectively. Thus, over a period from 2004 
(the year, characterized by relative economic stability of most of the world) to 2011 (the year of the rapid 
implementation of projects for the comprehensive greening of the economy) an annual investment increased from 
52 billion to 260 billion USD. Therefore, the significance of renewable resources for the seven-year period 
(taking almost five times increased inflation into account) is one of the most favorable trends in the world 
economy over the past decade (Egorova, 2013). It is necessary to take into account that the use of oil and gas in 
the world market remains a priority for quite a limited period of time. At the same time, renewable resources can 
be used in the future and after the depletion of world reserves of major carbon energy supplies. 
The plans of the "Big Ten" on forest resources (Russia, Brazil, Canada, the USA, China, Australia, Congo, 
Indonesia, Peru, India), as countries where two-thirds of the world's reserves of renewable energy are 
concentrated (Kotlyakov, 2012), are to provide an annual growth of forests above the annual deforestation by 
2020 year. It is not realized now due to natural regeneration and reforestation, without proper human