Global Trends of «Green» Economy Development as a Factor for Improvement of Economical and Social Prosperity

participation in the process. 
An important role is given to the field of alternative energy, it is this sphere where huge investments are done 
to develop and implement projects. The basis of alternative energy is environmentally aware technologies. 
A lot of countries give a lot of attention on food issues in their projects on economy greening, too. These 
include issues related to water contamination, food production, and quality requirement. A special attention is 
paid to issues of increasing populations of animals and valuable fish species, to agricultural technologies, and 

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others. Japan, China, Canada, the United Kingdom and Russia were the most sensitive to these issues. (Egorova, 
2014) It is due to the fact that these countries not only consume, but also export their products, therefore it shows 
not only the process of preservation and enhancement of food sources and conservation of animal species as a 
whole, but also economic benefits of such conservation. 
For example, the market of fish products with the eco-label increased by almost 50% in 2009, it is satisfying, 
because this, in its turn, leads to a decrease of the possibility of various diseases in countries with different level 
of economy development, which consumes these products. 
Great contribution to greening economy is brought by the development of R&D (research and development 
activities). That is why governments have made large-scale investments in this sector. At the same time not all 
the sectors of R&D have had the same amount of investments, nuclear power industry was put aside and 
investments into fossil fuels decline. Most attention is paid to the sphere of energy efficiency. 
All the above-mentioned developments, implementations, and investments are concerned as favorable trends 
for comprehensive integrated greening economies of all countries. Development of powerful and most dynamic 
countries allows modernizing smaller states but they are not less significant. It should be noted that this process is 
characterized by gravity, and it is almost impossible to implement it in a short time, however it is real if greening 
questions are solved consecutively. 
Japan has acquired the best results in this direction. It is a country of high technologies, with one of the highest 
levels and quality of life in the world. This is confirmed by the highest life expectancy of the Japanese (83.1 
years), a high GDP per capita ($ 46,730) - second place after the Americans. During the process of economy 
greening up to 90% of the investments were made into R&D, development of renewable energy, greening of food 
and improvement of energy efficiency level (Max-Neef Manfred, 1995). 
Japan was the first country to set preferential tariffs for the use of renewable energy sources, which were fully 
implemented in July 2012. 
Japan is one of the most effectively developing countries in this regard. With a relatively limited area 
(compared to Canada, the USA, Russia, Brazil, Australia and others), Japan has 1.5 million people engaged in the 
sector of "green" economy, the share of GDP in the development of this sector equals about 3.5% , which is 
rather high compared to other countries (Egorova, 2014). 
In general, the most important role in the development of the focused area of the global economy greening is 
played only by the "Big Twenty". Their share in the investments, development and implementations is about 
82%.
There should be noted some out of the most capital-intensive and advanced countries: 
x the USA outputs products in the field of "green" economy for more than 650 billion dollars USD (4.5% of 
GDP), while employment in the field is about 3 million; 
x Germany - about 4.8% of GDP and employment in this sector is about 12% of the total population, at the 
same time Germany is the world leader (followed by Japan) for the use of environment friendly technologies, 
which are characterized by indicators of the country climate conservation;
x the United Kingdom - the world leader in terms of market share, engaged in the "green" sector (8.8% of GDP 
by the beginning of 2010). 
As for Russia, a country with one of the highest levels of carbon resources (exhaustible energy sources); most 
of the problems are based on investment into "green" projects, as well as the process of implementing such 
projects. The country has the largest territory in the world, while the country's population size and density in 
certain regions are poor, therefore this creates difficulties for proper organization of a process of projects 
realization. In general, a greening project that strategically considers the transition of the country’s energy use to 
renewable energy sources was developed in Russia; however, there were no negotiations on reducing the 
proportion of carbon resources involvement in the sense of energy. 
The whole problem of Russian in the sphere of effective resource management is due to the fact that the 
country economy is largely dependent on oil and gas export to a sufficiently broad range of countries. 

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Such features as territorial, institutional, political, and economic ones influence the process of ecologization of 
the economy that is why its greening in all countries will be held in the proper direction with a slight 
resemblance. Similarity will be ensured by various problems that can be solved within the framework of the 
transition to a "green" economy. 
The general approach of all countries in solving existing problems (climate, energy, and other social type etc.) 
is based on a reorientation of capital and investment in natural infrastructure that will allow harmonious co-
existence for man and nature. In this case, restoration of natural resources will allow multiple use of the 
opportunities of the same territory. Non-renewable natural resources do not allow doing this, and alongside with 
it their use (production, processing, and storage) is not so much economically costly (oil payoff is one of the 
highest), as environmentally disadvantageous. In the long term, effects of petroleum processing are not 
reassuring.