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Table 1 The level of employment indicators in European countries



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101-107 Khamidov Elyor ingliz

Table 1 The level of employment indicators in European countries 
2010 2015 2020 
EU-27 
63.0 65.8 64.5 
Germany 
65.0 70.1 70.3 
EU-8 
60.2 64.5 61.5 
Czech Republic 64.2 66.6 65.4 
Estonia 
63.0 69.8 63.5 
Latvia 
62.3 68.6 60.9 
Lithuania 
61.2 64.3 60.1 
Hungary 
56.8 56.7 55.4 
Poland 
51.7 59.2 59.3 
Slovenia 
65.3 68.6 67.5 
Slovakia 
57.0 62.3 60.2 
Broader effects research is still a young field, with much of the published material appearing in the past 
five years, and further research is greatly needed. The 150 studies reviewed here include a mix of 
quantitative and qualitative approaches based on large-scale data sets, surveys, case studies and, in 
some cases, historical analysis. The focus of this field is economics, but articles are also drawn from 
other related fields (geography, urban studies, business and management, entrepreneurship, innovation 
and housing studies). This review does not purport to be comprehensive: it is based on research 
originally commissioned by the UK Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) and follows the broad 
outline of this brief. 
Analysis of the economic impact of migration has mainly focused on labor market or fiscal impacts. 
These analyzes typically involve neoclassical settings in which migrants have a single role (workers or 
consumers of public services), modeling is limited to one-time shocks and adjustment periods, and the 
scope of impacts is narrowly defined. Such an approach ignores or trivializes several broader economic 
impacts of migration, particularly those related to skilled migrants. To illustrate this point, we attempt 
to compare labor supply and demand with dynamic growth settings. 
Table 2 The level of unemployment indicators in European countries 

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