«hayot faoliyati xavfsizligi»

Umumiy o'lchov printsipi:
Dozimetrlarda nurlanishni tartibga solish elementi sifatida, ionlangan bo'shliqning ko'chki parchalanishining ta'siriga asoslanib, kritikga yaqin, lekin undan oshmaydigan maydon kuchida ion holati nurlanishning gaz-ajralish ko'rsatkichlari ko'rsatkichlari. Buning uchun Geiger hisoblagichining elektrodlararo bo'shligida maydon kuchi to'yingan qanday bo'lsa, lekin mustaqil parchalanish chegarasidan past (porlash razryadi). Bu Geiger platosining chegaralari - bu sensorlarning rivojlanishidagi xarakteristikasi bo'yicha gorizontal qism. Bu datchik bo'shligida maydon kuchi, bu elektrodlar orqali ma'lum masofa uchun maksimal, lekin ular o'rtasida mustaqil saqlash sodir bo'lishi uchun emas va sensor cheklangan chegara holatida to'g'ri. .
Ion paydo bo'lgan nurlanish sensori bo'lgan joyga kirganda, uning ta'siri ostida ionlanish sodir bo'ladi (erkin zaryad tashuvchilarning bo'lishi) va yo'l bo'ylab "katod-anod" yo'nalishi bo'yicha elektrostatik yo'l. ' lishda yo' qilingan zaryadlangan elektr maydonida ko'chki parchalanishi sodir bo'ladi. Maydon, uning ta'siri ostida erkin zaryad tashuvchilar va zanjir ionlanishi bilan jalb qilingan parvoz zonasining tashuvchilari zaryadlanadi. Sensorning o'z sig'imi (Cgas) minimal bo'lganligi tufayli, to'g'ri sensorga qarshilik Rn bilan sensorning elektrostatik potentsialining to'liq zaryadsizlanishi sodir bo'ladi, uning tugashi bilan tiklanish pasayadi va potentsial platoning shikastlanish chetiga to'liq. Tushadi. . Shunday qilib, sensor qutqarish yordamsiz holatga o'tadi Ce kondansatörü bilan uzatiladigan impuls hosil qiladi, u ham zaryadlanadi, buning hosil zarracha yoki gamma kvantiga mos keladigan impuls miqdoriy ravishzarrachan ing kirishiga keladi. susaytiruvchi va sensor o'lik vaqtni o'lchashni boshdan kechiradi (fazoviy konsatkichni platoning orqasiga chetiga zaryad qilish vaqti, bunda u nurlanishni aniqlay olmaydi).


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