How to Study

Step 8: Do Additional Research
Did you discover any gaps in your research as you put together 
your first draft? Raise some questions that you need additional 
information to answer? If so, now’s the time to head for the library
for one last crack at the books.
Step 9: Write the Second Draft
The goal for this phase is to edit for meaning—improve the flow 
of your paper, organize your thoughts better, clarify confusing 
points, and strengthen weak arguments.
As you review your rough draft, ask yourself the following questions:
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Do your thoughts move logically from one point to the next? 
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Is the meaning of every sentence and paragraph crystal clear? 
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Does every sentence make a point—or support one? 
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Do you move smoothly from one paragraph to the next? 
Or do you jump randomly from one topic to another? 
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Do you support your conclusions with solid evidence—
research data, examples, statistics? 
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Do you include a good mix of evidence—quotes from experts,
scientific data, personal experiences, historical examples? 
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Do you have a solid introduction and conclusion? 
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Did you write in your own words and style? Or have you
merely strung together phrases and quotes “borrowed” from
other authors? 
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Have you explained your subject thoroughly, or assumed that 
readers have more knowledge about it than they actually
might? (Remember: You’re familiar with the topic now, but 
just because something is now obvious to you doesn’t mean
your readers will know what you’re talking about.) 
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Have you convinced your readers that your thesis is valid? 
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Is there any information that, while correct and informative,
just doesn’t belong? Cut it out! 
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Have you maintained a consistent point of view (i.e., first,
second, or third person throughout)? 
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Does your last paragraph successfully summarize the entire
paper and effectively “close” your argument? 
Mark any trouble spots with a colored pencil or pen. If you have 
an idea on how to fix a section, jot it down on your rough draft. Now
sit down and begin to rewrite. Focus on all of those problem areas
you found. If necessary, add new information. Play with sentences,
paragraphs, even entire sections.
Chapter 7 
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