Hüquq sistemi/ Legal System

Məhkəmədə mübahisə və ədalət/ Adversarial and fairness in court

vis-à-vis preposition /ˌvi·zəˈvi, -zɑ-/	in relation to, or in comparison  with	in relation to: I need to speak to James Lewis vis-à-vis the arrangements for Thursday. Later I asked him more directly about government’s role I the environment
		in comparison with: What worries us is the competitive edge that foreign companies have vis-à-vis British firms.
To provide (can be used both in passive and active voices	To ensure (not to use in the passive voice)
To donate	Bağışlamaq (pul), ianə vermək	To give money or goods to help a person or organization: An anonymous businessperson donated one million dollars to the charity.
Opportunity	İmkan, şərait	right set of circumstances
Confrontational	Qarşı-qarşıya gələn	He distanced himself from the confrontational approach adopted by his predecessor
		the right to confrontational proceedings
To imply	Anlamına gəlmək nəzərdə tutmaq	Are you implying (that) I’m fat? I’m not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight? I detected an implied criticism of the way he was treated.
	To involve something or make it necessary:	The report, which is viewed as a bellwether for economic trends, implied that the national economy could be slowing down. Her statement implies a lack of confidence in the management of the company. What are you implying? A connection between the events has been implied in several news reports. The relationship implied a high degree of trust between the two parties.
Pertaining to the case	İşə aid	Documents pertaining to the case
Insofar as (conjunction) /ˌɪn.səˈfɑːr əz/	Nə qədər ki, halda	She had done her best to comfort him, insofar as she was able.
On equal terms	bərabər şərtlərlə, başabaş	All companies will compete for the government contract on equal terms.
Adversarial principle	çəkişmə prinsipi
To presume	Fərz etmək, təhmin etmək
probative force of evidence	Sübutun ehtimal gücü Sübutun stintaq qüvvəsi
Entail	Səbəb olmaq Nəzərdə tutmaq	To necessitate, assume, require, need, demand, imply
To adduce	əlavə etmək Cite, refer to, mention	to give reasons why you think something is true A number of factors are adduced to explain the situation
		None of the evidence adduced in court was conclusive.
		We do not claim that the considerations adduced here demonstrate that the necessity thesis is false, but we do think that they problematize it. Biz burada irəli sürülən mülahizələrin zərurət tezisinin yalan olduğunu nümayiş etdirdiyini iddia etmirik, lakin biz bunu problemə saldığını düşünürük.
To problematize	Problemə çevirmək, məsələ qaldırmaq
To deduce	Nəticə çıxarmaq to deduce sth from sth	We cannot deduce very much from these figures.
		The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening.
Impugned decision	Mübahisəli qərar	Controversial, disputable, debatable, argumentative, questionable
a submission	Tabelilik	Capitulation, agreement, acceptance
contention	Mübahisə	Disagreement, discord, hostility, conflict
Prone	Meylli, - sarı, istiqamətdə, tərəfə	The photograph showed a man lying prone on the pavement, a puddle of blood around his head.
To be prone to sth/do sth	Meyyli olmaq	I’ve always been prone to headaches. He was prone to depression even as a teenager. She’s prone to exaggerate, that’s for sure.
Enquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪə.ri/	Sorğu
To enquire after	Sorğu-sual etmək	She inquired after his grandfather’s health.
To presume	Fərz etmək
Breach	Pozma Pozmaq	Violation, breaking, nonobservance , neglect, contravention
couch	Ifadə etmək Uzanmaq	Express, phrase, render, formulate lie down.
Personal partiality	Şəxsiqərəzlilik
To pursue personal interest	Şəxsi maraqlarını güdmək
To impair	Dəyərdən salmaq, zəiflətmək
in the due case	Lazımi halda
To glean	Yığmaq, öyrənmək	These factors can be gleaned from case law
case law	Presedent hüququ	The law as established by the outcome of former cases.
To bear	Olmaq, daşımaq, saxlamaq	Their baby bears a strong resemblance to its grandfather.
		The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces.
		On display were boxing gloves that bore Rocky Marciano’s signature.
		[ + two objects ] I don’t bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them).
		Thank you for your advice – I’ll bear it in mind (= I will remember and consider it).
	Dözmək, qəbul etmək, dayanmaq	The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well. Tell me now! I can’t bear the suspense! It’s your decision – you have to bear the responsibility if things go wrong. [ + to infinitive ] He couldn’t bear to see the dog in pain. [ + -ing verb ] I can’t bear being bored.
Legal counsel	Hüquq məsləhətçisi
Economic drawbacks	Iqtisadi çatışmazlıqlar
Manifestation	Təzahür
To comprehend	Grasp, understand, get, digest	Understand I understand why he did that.
		Digest This chapter is so difficult to digest. I’ll have to read it again later.
		Grasp I think I grasped the main points of the lecture.
		Follow It was so complicated I couldn’t follow what he was saying.
		Get the picture OK. Don’t say any more. I get the picture.
		Comprehend He doesn’t seem to comprehend the scale of the problem.
		Fathom can be used in UK English when someone understands something that is mysterious. For years, people have been trying to fathom the mysteries of the whale’s song.
		If you understand a joke, the verb get is sometimes used. I told him a joke, but he didn’t get it.
Statement of defense	Məhkəmə aktı (bəyanatı)	Definition of statement of defense: a defendant’s first pleading on an issue of fact in the English High Court of Justice corresponding to the plea in common law and to the answer in equity or under the codes of civil procedure
To confer with a defense counsel	müdafiə vəkili ilə məsləhətləşmək
to correspond	Yazışmaq, məktublaşmaq	I’ve been corresponding with several experts in the field.
		I corresponded with him when he was at school.
		His story of what happened that night didn’t correspond with the witness’s version.
		We correspond by e-mail.
	Uyğun olmaq closely/directly correspond to/with sth	The dip in their sales in-store directly corresponds to the increase in sales online.
		The money I’ve saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my plane ticket.
		The American FBI corresponds to the British MI5.
To initiate	başlamaq başlanğıcını qoymaq	start,  begin,  initiate,  commence
	daxil etmək	include, comprise,interpose, involve
	xəbərdar etmək	warn, initiate, notify
To render free legal assistance	Pulsuz hüquqi yardım göstərmək
To mandate	Həvalə etmək	.
To shirk	Yayınmaq	If you shirk your responsibilities/duties now, the situation will be much harder to deal with next month.
		I will not shirk from my obligations
		Town officials shirked their responsibilities by failing to follow up on residents’ complaints.
To enshrine	Qeyd etmək To note To notice To mark
Reprisal	Cəza tədbiri	economic/military reprisals They promised that individuals could live freely without fear of reprisal from the military. The attack was in reprisal for the kidnapping of their leaders.
To interrogate	Istintaq etmək, yoxlamaq To examine	Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned in recent weeks.
To substantiate	əsaslandırmaq	In this case, competent authorities should substantiate the evidence of those whose convening was rejected to be not relevant to the case.
Credibility	Etibarlılıq, etimad	His arrest for lewd ehavior seriously damaged his credibility as a religious leader. He complained that we had tried to undermine his credibility within the company.
	Ehtimal	Probability, supposition, assumption
Distorted	Təhrif olunmuş
To deprive	Məhrum etmək, məğmun etmək	He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights.
		You can’t function properly when you’re deprived of sleep.
Pseudonym	Təxəllüs	Alias, pen-name
Presumption	Fərziyyə	Supposition
To confine	To limit, restrict To terminate Hədd qoymaq	Let’s confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! Please confine your use of the phone to business calls. By closing the infected farms we’re hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas).
		It was terrible for our research to be confined by lack of money.
		They terminated my contract in October.
	Qapamaq, qapatmaq	We know that the illness is not confined to any one group in society. This attitude seems to be confined to the very wealthy.
Exemption	Azadetmə	Candidates with a qualification in chemistry have exemption from this course. Organizations may qualify for exemption from income tax if they operate exclusively as charities.
Assurance	Zəmanət, əminlik	She gave me her assurance (that) she would sign the contract immediately. Despite the government’s repeated assurances to the contrary, taxation has risen over the past decade.
Credible	Etibarlı, inandırıcı able to be believed or trusted	They haven’t produced any credible evidence for convicting him. The story of what had happened to her was barely (= almost not) credible.
Adversariality	Düşmənçilik, çəkişmə	The interaction between the principles of equality of arms and adversariality is so close that it sometimes becomes difficult to draw a clear line between them.
Adversity	Çətinlik	if the person subjected to criminal proceedings has no right to defend himself, neither adversity nor equality of the parties involved will be possible.
To justify	Haqq qazandırmaq	in order to justify criminal proceedings, the defence function should be implemented in the response to the prosecution function throughout the entire course of the proceedings.
To convene	Çağırmaq	The prosecution should be able to convene and question any witness if the prosecution cites the testimony of that witness.
Cue	Replika
In the long run	At some time in the future	You may want to quit school now, but in the long run, you’ll regret it.
Interpretation	Təfsir, aydınlaşdırma, şərh
A pardon	Əfv sərəncamı	A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction.
		A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the jurisdiction.
		A pardon is sometimes offered when innocence is undisputed in order to avoid the costs that are associated with a retrial.
Clemency	Əfv	Clemency plays a critical role when capital punishment exists in a jurisdiction.
Controversy	Mübahisə	disagreement, typically when prolonged, public, and heated.
		He sometimes caused controversy because of his forceful views
		The announcement ended a protracted controversy
Capital punishment	Ölüm cəzası	Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for a crime.
A death sentence	Ölüm hökmü	The sentence ordering that someone is punished with the death penalty is called a death sentence, and the act of carrying out such a sentence is known as an execution.
To deprive	Məhrum etmək, məğmun etmək Oust (qovmaq) Divest (ayrılmaq işindən, pulundan, şirkətdən və s.)	deprive someone of something
To divest	Çıxarmaq, məhrum etmək, satmaq	The company has divested itself of some of its money-losing operations. He had encouraged the state to divest such holdings. We have made a decision to divest from the hotel and casinos business to focus more on drinks sales. He wishes to divest himself of some newly inherited assets.
Acquittal	Bəraət hökmü
Conviction	İttiham hökmü
Incrimination	İttiham	Prosecution, charge, conviction, accusation, disapproval, judgment
self-incrimination	Özünə qarşı ittiham, peşmançılıq	self-conviction, self-accusation, self-judgment
Evidentiary	Sübut (sifət)
Threshold /ˈθreʃ.həʊld/	Astana, başlqanğıc nöqtəsi	a low threshold for pain We are on the threshold of a new era.
Hereupon	Bundan sonra	The last canon hereupon passes into a general exhortation to right living, which forms a sixth part of the whole book. Hereupon he withdrew from his other positions and from public life.
Progressive	Mütərəqqi
Human rights and freedoms	İnsan hüquq və azadlıqları
Unequivocally	Bir mənalı şəkildə
Bring into line with	Uyğunlaşdırmaq	bring into line with the country’s Constitution syn. Harmonize
Conformity	uyğunluq
İnconsistent	Üst-üstə düşməyən	Ant. Consistent
Ensure	Təmin etmək	Syn. Provide
Undoubtedly	Şübhəsiz
Legal and regulatory mechanisms	hüquqi-tənzimetmə mexanizmləri
The Institute for Advocacy Research	Vəkil araşdırması institutu
On the positive side	Müsbət haldır ki...
dated	Tarixli	dated December 28, 1999
Find its manifestation		təzahür formasını tapmaq
Defence-counsel	vəkil-müdafiəçi
As a representative	nümayəndə qismində
Criminal procedure legislation	cinayət-prosessual qanunvericilik
İbtidai istintaq	pre-trial investigation
To recruit	işə götürmək, səfərbər etmək
The materials of the criminal case	cinayət işinin materialları
Proponent	tərəfdar	Supporter
To multiply	Çoxalmaq, törəmək
Substantiate	Əsaslandırmaq
Litigation	Məhkəmə çəkişmsi
quasi-powers	kvazi-səlahiyyətlər	1: having a partly legislative character by possession of the right to make rules and regulations having the force of lawa quasi-legislative agency 2: essentially legislative in character but not within the legislative power or function especially as constitutionally definedquasi-legislative powers
To express an attitude	Münasibət bildirmək
Forensic (adj)	məhkəmə (sif.)	Relating to or denoting the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime.