Ingliz tilida gap tuzilmalari asosan to’rtga bo’linadi. Ular albatta:
Simple sentence– oddiy gap
Compound sentence – qo’shma gap
Complex sentence – murakkab gap
Compound – Complex sentence – qo’shma murakkab gap.
Simple sentence –oddiy gap tuzilmasi odatda mustaqil gap ya’ni independent clause deb xisoblanadi. Oddiy gap tuzilmasi odatda ot va fe’lni o’z ichiga oladi va butun bir fikrni ifoda etadi.
I like coffee
Mary like coffee
Compound sentence – qo’shma gap tuzilmasi odatda ikki yoki undan ko’proq mustaqil gaplarni o’z ichiga oladi va ular bog’lovchilar yoki nuqta-vergul (conjunction yoki semi-colon) bilan gap tuziladi. Ingliz tilida 7 dona bog’lovchilar mavjud:
Conjunction – bog’lovchilar And – va But – lekin Or – yoki Nor – na For – uchun, biroq Yet – hali, ammo So – shuning uchun
Namuna: I like coffee and Mary likes coffee
Mary went to work but John went to the party
Our car broke down; we came last
Complex Sentence Structure –murakkab gap tuzilmasi odatda (independent clause) mustaqil gap va unga qo’shimcha (dependent clause) ya’ni nomustaqil gapdan tashkil topadi. Nomustaqil gap o’zi bilan (subordinating conjunction) ya’ni ergashtiruvchi bovlog’chini yoki (relative pronoun) nisbiy olmoshlar va (noun) ot va (verb) fe’l bilan keladi lekin to’liq fikrni ifoda etmaydi.
Sub conjunction – ergash. bog’lovchilar After – keyin Although – ga qaramasdan As – dek Because – chunki While – mobaynida
Though – ga qaramasdan Till – gacha Until – gacha When – qachon Where – qayerda, qayerga Whether – yo’qmi
Before – oldin How – qanday If – agar Once – bilanoq Since – dan beri Than – dan That – uniki yoki buniki
