Ielts reading question-type based tests true false not given matching headings

Questions 1-5 
 
Complete the summary below using 
NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS 
from the passage. 
 
Fighting Californian wildfires is still not an easy task because the fires the firefighters 
now face 
1 ……….. 
in more unpredictable manner in addition to the raging heat and faster speed than ever. 
Megafires, as they are called, are often 
2 …….
bigger than average forest fire. The reasons for this include 
3 
……..
below the average and the extended 
4 ………
due to climate change. And according to experts, the 
government policy has also contributed to this by accidentally making the underbrush the 
5 ……….
for 
megafires. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

---

Welcome to Mr Aslanov’s Lessons 
QUESTION-TYPE BASED TESTS 
FunEnglishwithme [phone] 
TEST 1 - Man or Machine 
MIT's humanoid robots showcase both human creativity and contemporary pessimism. 
 
Humanoid robots were once the stuff of political and science fiction. Today, scientists
 
working in 
Japan and the USA have been turning fiction into a physical reality.
 
A.
During July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda 
calls 'the world's most advanced humanoid robot', ASIMO (the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). 
Honda's brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in 
the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and bob like a child in an astronaut's 
suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO's face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two 
large 'eyes' that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously — its actions are 'remote controlled' 
by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in 
Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and 
backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. It can even dance to the Hawaiian Hula. 
B.
While the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human 
kinetics and bipedal movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT's former Artificial Intelligence (Al) 
lab (recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL) have been 
making robots that can behave like humans and interact with humans. One of MIT's robots, Kismet, is an 
anthropomorphic head and has two eyes (complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several 
facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read 
some of the robot's facial expressions, and often change their behaviour towards the machine as a result - for 
example, playing with it when it appears 'sad'. Kismet is now in MIT's museum, but the ideas developed 
here continue to be explored in new robots.
C.
Cog (short for Cognition) is another pioneering project from MIT's former Al lab. Cog has a head, 
eyes, two arms, hands and a torso — and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a 
researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental 
robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, 
and to learn through these types of interactions. This approach to Al was thought up and developed by a 
team of students and researchers led by the head of MIT's former Al lab, Rodney Brooks (now head of 
CSAIL), and represented a completely new development. 
D.
This work at MIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. 
Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine — because it is 
unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn 
from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT's CSAIL and media lab, however, are 
beginning to do this. 
E.
These are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from 
its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to 
be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from 
everyday tasks. In Japan, for example, there is an aim to create robots that can do the tasks similar to an 
average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical 
assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes — partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an 
ageing population. 

---