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Reading Test 7
SECTION 1
California’s age of Megafires
A
There's a reason fire squads now battling more than
a dozen blazes in southern
California are having such difficulty containing the flames, despite better preparedness
than ever and decades of experience fighting fires fanned by the notorious Santa Ana
winds. The wildfires themselves,
experts say,
generally are hotter,
move faster, and
spread more erratically than in the past.
B
The short-term explanation is that the region, which usually has dry summers, has had
nine inches less rain than normal this year. Longer term, climate change across the West
is leading to hotter days on average and longer fire seasons. Experts say this is likely to
yield more megafires like the conflagrations that this week forced evacuations of at least
300,000 resident in California's southland and led President Bush to declare a disaster
emergency in seven counties on Tuesday.
C
Megafires, also called "siege fires," are the increasingly
frequent blazes that bum
500,000 acres or more - 10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago. One
of the current wildfires is the sixth biggest in California ever, in terms of acreage burned,
according to state figures and news reports. The trend to more superhot fires,
experts
say, has been driven by a century-long policy of the US Forest Service to stop wildfires
as quickly as possible. The unintentional consequence was to halt the natural eradication
of underbrush, now the primary fuel for megafires. Three other factors contribute to the
trend, they add. First is climate change marked by a 1 -degree F. rise in average yearly
temperature across the West. Second is a fire season that on average is 78 days longer
than in the late 1980s. Third is increased building of homes
and other structures in
wooded areas.
D
"We are increasingly building our homes ... in fire-prone ecosystems," says Dominik
Kulakowski, adjunct professor of biology at Clark University
Graduate School of