Ijpsr (2009), Issue 1, Vol

Oral: Pills to swallow

Surgery: Remove organs which produce hormones, like ovaries in women and testicle in men are removed.

Injection: Injection given in muscle in the arm, hip, or thigh.

Side Effects: The side effects are different in different persons. This therapy blocks the ability to produce hormones or interrupts with hormones leads to unwanted side effects. The side effects are different in different persons.
In men:

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  Weakened bones
  
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  Diarrhea
  
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  Nausea
  
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  Fatigue
  
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  Loss of interest in or ability to have sex
  

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  Hot flashes
  
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  Tender and enlarged breast.
  

In women:

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  Vaginal dryness
  
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  Nausea
  
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  Mood changes
  
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  Loss of interest in sex
  
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  Hot flashes
  
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  Change in periods if not yet reached menopause
  
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  Fatigue
  

Stem Cell Transplant: In this therapy, the blood- forming stem cells restore in a cancer patient, which is destroyed by very high doses of radiation or chemotherapy. The stem cells are grown in a different type of blood cells which are necessary to be healthy, the main type of blood cells are: ^50-52

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  RBC (Red Blood Cells): Carry oxygen throughout the body.
  
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  WBC (White Blood Cells): Part of the immune system and help the body to fight against infection.
  
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  Platelets: Help in blood clotting.
  

This therapy usually does not work against cancer directly except for some type of leukemia and multiple myeloma, but it helps the patient to reproduce the stem cells after treatment with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation or both therapies. After the allogeneic transplant, the graft- versus-tumor effect happens, which means WBC from donor (graft) attack on the tumor that remains after the high dose treatments, and this effect improves the success of treatment ^{53, 54}. This therapy is very complicated and expensive.
The process starts with high doses of chemotherapy, radiation or both, and it goes on for a week or two after this treatment a few days are required to rest, it takes few months to complete. Then the stem cells are given through an IV catheter, this is like receiving a blood transfusion and it takes 1-5 h.
The recovery phase is started after receiving stem cells, in this phase the received stem cells start making new blood cells.
Even after the blood counts recover all blood cells, it takes several months for autologous and 1-2 years for allogeneic or syngeneic transplants.