«individual loyiha» Bajaruvchi: Isoqulov j tekshiruvchi: Jumaboyev t samarqand-2023
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- Belgilar Paydo bo‘lish chastotasi YOrdamchi jadval
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- 2-TOPSHIRIQ. CISCO PACKET TRACER SIMULYATORIDAN FOYDALANIB VLAN KONFIGURATSIYASINI SOZLASH 1. Ishdan maqsad
- 2. Qisqacha nazariy ma’lumotlar.
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Hozirgi kunda eng keng tarqalgan, laboratoriyaotda ko‘p ishlatiladigan entropiyali kodlash usuliga asoslangan yo‘qotishsiz siqish algoritmlaridan biri bu –xaffman algoritmi hisoblanadi. xaffman algoritmi asosida matnli axborotlar siqiladi.Axborotdagi barcha belgilar soni, ya’ni N ni hisoblanadi. Jami N ta belgidan iborat bo‘lgan axborotdagi har bir belgining paydo bo‘lish chastotasi hisoblanadi. Har bir belgining paydo bo‘lish chastotasini kamayib borish tartibida jadvalga joylashtiriladi. Jadvaldagi oxirgi ikkita chastota yigindisi hisoblanib, bitta umumiy bo‘lgan yig‘indi chastotaga birlashtiriladi. Hisoblangan yangi yig‘indi chastotadan va hisoblashda qatnashmagan boshqa chastotalardan jadvalning yangi ustuni hosil qilinadi (bunda ham chastotalar kamayib borish tartibida joylashtiriladi). Shu tarzda to bitta umumiy N ga teng bulgan yigindi hosil bo‘lguncha jarayon davom etaveradi. Jadval to‘ldirilgandan so‘ng, jadvaldagi hisoblashlarga muvofiq daraxt quriladi. Daraxtning tepa qismida N joylashgan bo‘ladi va uni teng ikkiga bo‘lish kerak, hosil bo‘lgan natijalarni yana teng ikkiga bo‘lish kerak. Shu tarzda axborotdagi har bir belgini paydo bo‘lish chastotasi topilguncha bo‘lishni davom ettirish kerak. Quyidagi ko‘rinishda axborot berilgan CBCBCBEBBBFGDFGDFGGBBDDAAAADDEFFFA Ushbu algoritm bo‘yicha hisoblash natijalari jadval 2jadvalda keltirilgan. Xaffmen algoritmi bo‘yicha hisoblash natijalari. Jadval 2.
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2-TOPSHIRIQ. CISCO PACKET TRACER SIMULYATORIDAN FOYDALANIB VLAN KONFIGURATSIYASINI SOZLASH 1. Ishdan maqsad Bu amaliy ishda: - virtual lokal tarmoqlarning ishlashi bilan tanishish; - virtual lokal tarmoqlarni tashkil etish prinsiplarini o‘rganish uchun mo‘ljallangan. 2. Qisqacha nazariy ma’lumotlar. Virtual lokal tarmoq (Virtual LAN, VLAN) deb kanal darajasidagi trafigi (shu jumladan, keng tarqatishli) tarmoqning boshqa tugunlari trafigidan ajratilgan tarmoq tugunlari guruhiga aytiladi. Demak, turli VLANlar orasida kadrlarni uzatilishi mumkin emas. SHu bilan bir vaqtda VLANning ichida kadrlar kommutatsiyalash texnologiyasi bo‘yicha, ya’ni kadrning yuborilishi manzili bilan bog‘langan portga uzatiladi. VLANning asosiy vazifasi keyin marshrtizatorlar orqali ulanadigan ajratilgan tarmoqlarni yaratish jarayonini engillashtirishdan iborat. Tarmoqning bunday qurilishi tarmoqda keraksiz trafikni tarqalishini cheklashga imkon beradi. Oxirgi qurilmalarning VLANga tegishliligi ikkita statik va dinamik usullar orqali aniqlanishi mumkin. Bu usullar kommutator o‘z tarmoq interfeysini ma’lum VLAN bilan qanday bog‘lashiga javob beradi. Statik usulda kommutator interfeysini ma’lum VLANga tegishliligini qo‘lda ko‘rsatish zarur. Bu holda u yoki bu VLANga tegishlilik ulanish porti (port-based VLAN) bo‘yicha aniqlanadi. Dinamik VLAN usulida kommutator o‘z tarmoq interfeysini ma’lum VLANga tegishliligini oxirgi qurilmadan MAC-manzil (MAC-based VLAN), IP-manzil (protocol-based VLAN) va boshqalar kabi ma’lumotlardan foydalanish orqali o‘zi aniqlaydi. VLANlarni o‘zaro farqlash uchun VLAN – VLAN_ID noyob nomerlar ishlatiladi, ular 1 dan 4095 gacha qiymatlarni qabul qilishi mumkin. Lekin 1 ga teng VLAN_ID zahiralangan hisoblanadi. kommutatorning barcha portlar dastlabki holatda yashirish bo‘yicha bu VLANga kiradi. VLANdagi portlar ikki turlardagi ulanish portlari (access) va trank portlarga (trunk) ajratiladi. Ulanish portlari faqat standart Ethernet-kadrlarni qabul qila oladi va faqat bitta ma’lum VLANga tegishli bo‘lishi mumkin. Bunday portlar oxirgi qurilmalarni ulanishi uchun mo‘ljallangan. Trank portlar boshqa kommutatorlarga ulanish uchun mo‘ljallangan va ir necha VLANlarga tegishli bo‘lishi mumkin. Bu portlar orqali sarlavhasida VLAN haqidagi ma’lumotlar bo‘lgan modifikatsiyalangan Ethernet-kadrlar uzatiladi.
Foydalanilgan kodlar Switch>enable Switch#configure terminal Switch(config)# Switch(config)#vlan 10 Switch(config-vlan)#exit Switch(config)# Switch(config)#vlan 20 Switch(config-vlan)#exit Switch(config)# Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)# Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)# Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/3 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)# Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/4 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#exit Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#vlan 10 Switch(config-vlan)#name qizil Switch(config-vlan)#exit Switch(config)#vlan 20 Switch(config-vlan)#name sariq Switch(config-vlan)#exit Switch(config)#vlan 30 Switch(config-vlan)#name yashil Switch(config-vlan)#exit Switch(config)#vlan 40 Switch(config-vlan)#name ko'k Switch(config-vlan)#exit Switch(config)#end Switch# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Switch#show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 Gig0/1, Gig0/2 10 qizil active 20 sariq active 30 yashil active 40 ko'k active 1002 fddi-default active 1003 token-ring-default active 1004 fddinet-default active 1005 trnet-default active Switch# Switch# Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#in Switch(config)#interface fa0/1 Switch(config-if)#sw Switch(config-if)#switchport mo Switch(config-if)#switchport mode a Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#sw Switch(config-if)#switchport a Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/2 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/3 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/4 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/5 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/6 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/7 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/8 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)#exit Switch# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Switch#show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 Gig0/1, Gig0/2 10 qizil active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 20 sariq active 30 yashil active 40 ko'k active 1002 fddi-default active 1003 token-ring-default active 1004 fddinet-default active 1005 trnet-default active Switch# Switch# Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#interface fa0/9 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/10 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/11 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/12 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/13 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/14 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/15 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch(config-if)# Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)#exit Switch# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Switch#show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19 Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23 Fa0/24, Gig0/1, Gig0/2 10 qizil active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 20 sariq active Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15 30 yashil active 40 ko'k active 1002 fddi-default active 1003 token-ring-default active 1004 fddinet-default active 1005 trnet-default active Switch# Switch#exit Switch con0 is now available Press RETURN to get started. Switch> Switch>enable Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#i Switch(config)#in Switch(config)#interface fa0/1 Switch(config-if)#sw Switch(config-if)#switchport m Switch(config-if)#switchport mode tr Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up Switch(config-if)# Switch# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Switch# Switch# Switch# Yüklə 0,97 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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