Instructions for ispacs 2003 Camera-Ready Manuscript

1. Introduction 
The theory of Brown and Levinson in Politeness 
extensively uses as basic research by researchers in 
the field of not only in linguistics but also in 
Economic, Psychology, and so on. In the last three 
decades, the research on politeness strategies has 
increased significantly in terms of social and 
linguistic aspects. It is evident which comes from the 
various papers appear on the issues in the 
international journals and monographs. The politeness 
strategy proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) for 
oral discourse can be applied to interpret the scientific 
culture of scientific writing. Brown and Levinson 
developed a theory to explain phenomena related to 
the politeness on verbal communication and non-
verbal communication. 
In general, people usually behave in everyday 
interactions because they care about their public self-
image. According to Brown and Levinson (1987), the 
act of maintaining a face in pragmatic courtesy 
includes actions that threaten faces and actions to save 
faces. Following the theory of politeness, a face 
consists of two related elements: a positive face and a 
negative face. A positive face is defined only as a 
'self-image' while a negative face is the desire to have 
freedom. Besides, Leech (1983) has proposed the 
concept of modesty itself through a set of principles. 
Indeed, this is a way to explain how politeness 
operates in conversation exchange. Brown and 
Levinson's Politeness Theory also outlines four main 
types of politeness strategies that include baldness on 
record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and 
not being noted. These strategies are used to express 
messages to save the listener's face when facial 
actions are desired. In communication, there is two-
part. The first of all is verbal communication, and the 
second is non-verbal communication (Weaver, R., & 
Hybells, S. 2007). 
Verbal communication can be seen by way 
perspective of linguistics features, namely length of 
speech, speed of expression, loudness, etc. For 
example "Where are you going?” its can expressed 
differently depending on who the speakers is, to 
whom them speaks, on what occasion the utterance is 
expressed and so on (Mujiyanto, Y. 2017). For 
another example like the word “Be Quiet!” this is a 
polite word when parents tell their children to be quiet 
in certain situations. But this word would be 
impoliteness if the children were telling their parents 
to be quiet. Verbal communication can also be 
calculated 
from 
a 
socio-cultural 
perspective 
background such as the face, strength, status, age, 
gender, social distance, kinship, participant role, and 
discussion in the talk community.

---