June M' Carmen 1.3. Teachability of intelligences Neuroscience explains that the hurnan brain
a neurally distributed processor where neurons
interact and knowledge depends on the connections or synapses of these units. A newborn has
the neurons he or she will
but only a small proportion of the synapses needed in
adulthood. These are forrned after birth and their creation is rnainly driven by experience.
Bransford, Brown and Cocking (1 999) affirm that learning changes the physical structure of the
brain, that learning organizes and reorganizes the brain and that different parts of the brain rnay
be ready to learn at different times. Learning is the result of strengthening connections in the
brain's neural network. The more a pattern is activated, the stronger the connections
becorne.
MIT is a dynarnic construct that understands intelligences as tools that are changeable
and trainable: "while traditional intelligence tests are
the notion that thegeneral faculty
of intelligence
an inborn attribute that
not change over the time, the MIT asserts that
there are skills universal to hurnan species, related to the culture nurturing that dornain and that
develop according to experience, age and training" (Armstrong, Kennedy
Coggins, 2002:
1
1).
Thus, Gardner's
of rnultiple intelligences is a reaction against a
and totally
biologically driven view which would encourage students to see intelligence as fixed and which
therefore rnake putting out special effort to achieve acadernic goals seern not worthwhile.
According to Williarns and Burden (1 997:
"this view states that people who are born more
intelligent are rnuch more likely to succeed at school or in any learning task than those who are
born less intelligent. This often leads to the logically unjustifiable conclusion that anyone failing
in school or having
in learning rnust, therefore, lack intelligence". In
conceptualizations such as Gardner's MIT theory or Sternberg's (1985) triarchic theory of
intelligence we are freed frorn a static view of what it rneans to be intelligent and can come to
see that "people can