and Foreign Learning 131
themselves and more competent; it
even
that they
more engaged and
better
to join the rest of the
community in working for the broader good.
Society is dernanding citizens who
developed rnultilingual knowing-how-to-listen and
to-talk abilities, who are capable of setting and achieving personal goals, who know how to
search for inforrnation necessary to continue learning beyond the classroorn, who know how to
work cooperatively
-
in general, citizens who are
and who know how to
rnultiple
problerns in any given context, and using
MIT
in the language classroorn can help to prornote
these goals.
NOTES There are
theories of intelligences, but their
is beyond the scope of this paper. One that
widely known and used Spearman's general intelligence (1904) that considers intelligence as a unitary
(the factor)
on
mathematical and
abilities. Other theories of intelligences are Thurstone's
mental abilities (1
Cattel and
fluid and
intelligences
Gardner's multiple
intelligences
1999) and Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence (1985, 1988).
2.
(1996: 32-35) describes
of the main aspects of active
(body language, back
paraphrasing, summarizing,
and stresses the
of not breaking the flow of the speaker's words and
not interrupting to give advice.
3. The other one the existential, or spiritual intelligence. This intelligence isnot to be considered as less important,
but it
beyond the scope of this chapter, as it
less amenable to development
the classroom. Gardner's theory
not understood as a closed paradigm, and other intelligences could be
in the
if they meet the
basic criteria used to
an intelligence.
