The Role of Social Media for Collaborative Learning to Improve Academic Performance of Students and Researchers
Al-Rahmi, Othman, and Yusuf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Introduction
Malaysia, like many
other countries, has been hit by the social media phenomenon. Statistics
reveal that Malaysia is among the top five countries in terms of number of Facebook accounts
created. Social media has infiltrated the 21st century generations of Internet users, making it a
very prominent means of communications dissemination, particularly
among students at the
higher level of education. Consequently, academic activities in institutions and faculties are
increasingly carried out through social
networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. These
are essentially used in order to connect with current and potential students and to deliver
instructional content (Ainin, Naqshbandi, Mogavvemi, & Jaafar, 2015). Questions
arise about the
impact of social media on academic performance and the possibility of using it as an effective
pedagogical tool to improve academic performance of students. In this regard, Zixiu, Xiongwen,
Yuan, & Yifan, (2011) used five sub-dimensions to represent the variables
that are the resultant
action of effective communication in students’ learning. In addition, Alloway & Alloway (2012)
explain that the continuum by which people with similar interests interact and the opportunity to
create, share, and exchange ideas and straight answers through the virtual network is regarded as
social networking. Others consider it as an international system aiding communication (Lariscy,
Avery, Sweetser & Howe, 2009). Moreover, social networking includes other paraphernalia for
social exchange such as e-mail, intranet, blogs, videoconferencing, photo discussing, wikis, and
virtual mobile phone industries (Eyrich, 2008). In this study, “Facebook is examined as a specific
social networking tool and
in this regard, its effect on collaborative learning and its indirect
impact on student’s satisfaction and student’s performance improvement are investigated” (Al-
rahmi, Othman & Yusuf, 2015a). The overall idea is to examine the tool’s aspects, which allow
people to take advantage of technology and talk about content, opinions, encounters, experience,
and technologies among peers by collaborative learning (Redecker, Ala-Mutka, & Punie, 2010).
However, academic performance was reported to be negatively affected
by time spent on social
networks (Jacobsen & Forste, 2011; Paul, Baker, & Cochran, 2012). Along the same line of
contention, social media network has been cited to distract students from studying and
to lead to
academic challenges (Junco, 2012; Madge, Meek, Wellens, & Hooley, 2009; Paul et al., 2012; Al-
rahmi, Othman & Yusuf,2015a), and negative study habits (Ahmed & Qazi, 2011).Moreover ,
previous frameworks of social media have many significant negative impacts on student
engagement, collaborative
learning, and academic performance (Cao & Hong, 2011; Junco, 2012;
Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010). In contrast to prior studies, the present study is unique in that it
examines factors affecting collaborative learning and engagement through the use of
social media,
and the impact of collaborative learning through social media on the academic performance in
Malaysian higher education.