Intonation let’s consider the following example first



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7 English Intonaton )

Tone and tone languages

  • Tone is marked before the syllable:
  • level _yes
  • falling yes
  • rising yes
  • In this way we can also mark the high tone level and low tone level
  • This is not always the case for all languages i.e Chinese, where the tone can determine the meaning of the word in question _ma ma ma
  • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2bHdXcszJ4

Speech may be divided into tone units (Tonality). Each tone unit is composed of:

  • A tonic syllable (obligatory): the syllable that carries the tone. those
  • The part of a tone unit that extends from the first stressed syllable up to (but not including) the tonic syllable is called the head: give me those
  • Bill called to give me those
  • If there is no stressed syllable before the tonic syllable there cannot be a head: in an hour (pre-head)
  • The pre-head is composed of all the unstressed syllables in a tone unit preceeding the first stressed syllable. They are found in two main environments:
  • When there is no head (i.e. no stressed syllable preceding the tonic syllable): in an hour
  • When there is a head, as in the following example: in a little less than an hour
  • pre-head head tonic syllable
  • Any syllables between the tonic syllable and the end of the tone unit are called the tail:
  • look at it what did you say
  • both of them were here
  • When it is necessary to mark a stress in a tail we use a dot (•):
  • what did you • say both of them were •here

In synthesis:

  • (pre-head) (head) tonic syllable (tail)
    • OR
    • (PH) (H) TS (T)

Tonicity: locating the syllables on which major movements of pitch occur (tonic syllables)


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