Introduction. Grammar as a branch of linguistics Methods of grammatical analysis

Grammar studies the relations between elements of the language system.

• Grammar studies the relations between elements of the language system.
• There are the fundamental types of such relations: syntagmatic and paradigmatic.

Morphology studies the structure, forms and classification of words.
Syntax studies the structure, types and classification of sentences.
Grammar may be defined as a system of word-changing and other means of expressing relations of words in the sentence.
Practical grammar describes the grammatical system of a given language.
Theoretical grammar gives a scientific explanation of the nature and peculiarities of the grammatical system of the language.

The system of language study

Language incorporates the three constituent systems:

• phonological
• lexical
• grammatical

Any linguistic description may have a practical or theoretical purpose.

Practical Grammar

• is often used to refer to the best means of achieving a good command of a language;
• prescribes a set of nominative rules based on the Standard English.

THEORETICAL GRAMMAR

• can be understood in a more scholarly way as the framework of grammatical concepts throughout the centuries.

Theoretical Grammar:

• describes and analyses facts of the language without giving any ‘prescriptions’;
• is a scientific type of Grammar;
• does not give a ready answer about how certain grammatical phenomena should be interpreted.

Subject matter of theoretical grammar of the English language

Grammar studies principles of word formation, of phrase and sentence construction.

system of segmental and suprasegmental interrelated elements

Theoretical grammar is aimed at analysis of the language system in order to describe different phenomena of the language and explain their uniqueness: semantic and functional aspect.