Introduction The course paper is dedicated to the study of the syntax and semantic features of phrasal verbs in the English language

Phrasal-prepositional verbs	Meaning	Examples
Direct object
get on with	have a friendly relationship with	He doesn't get on with	his wife.
put up with	tolerate	I won't put up with	your attitude.
look forward to	anticipate with pleasure	I look forward to	seeing you.

Because phrasal-prepositional verbs end with a preposition, there is always a direct object. And, like prepositional verbs, phrasal-prepositional verbs cannot be separated. Let’s look at these examples: phrasal-prepositional verbs are inseparable: We ran out of fuel. We ran out of it. Additional characteristics of type 1: a) commonly used prepositions: in, after, about, for b) never occur without object (e.g. "to talk about someone/something", etc.) c) the direct object always follows the preposition.
Additional characteristics of type 2: a) commonly used adverbs: up, down, off, on b) when the object of the verb is present (type 2a), it is placed either between the basic verb and the adverb or after the entire phrasal verb (turn the light on, turn on the light).
Additional characteristics of type 3: a) basic verb + adverb + preposition (out of, up for) b) always take a direct object c) cannot be separated by the object. It thus becomes necessary for clarity's sake to list all the criteria concerning phrasal verbs which can function as a basis of comparison and which can lead us to a practical scheme of classification: 1) adverb vs. preposition as particle 2) necessity of explicit direct object and rules for placement (transitivity) 3) ability to be "separated" by the object ("separability") 4) typical-atypical behavior of "particle" (semantic normalcy of preposition or adverb).⁸
It therefore appears that a more logical classification structure and nominative strategy would lead us away from an exclusive analysis of the particle, towards a comprehensive consideration of the entire phrasal verb as the basic unit of study⁹. We define in this way our approach which privileges learning techniques rather than a formal analysis of phrasal verbs. In morphological classification we consider the following proposal for the classification of phrasal verbs: type 1 "intransitive" (traditionally type 2a) no direct object type 1 "transitive-non-separable" (traditionally type 1) direct object always present, placed after the phrasal verb type 2 "transitive-separable" (traditionally type 2b) direct object always present, either separating or placed after the verb, a pronoun always separates type 3 "three-word" (traditionally type 3) direct object always, placed after the verb. In semantic classification phrasal verbs are often listed or grouped according to a basic verb (ex. stand out, stand up, stand by *, stand up to *, stand for *). In fact a large number of phrasal verbs are generated from a relatively small number of basic verbs. More importantly, these pairs at times have no difference in meaning (go back/return, break/break down), although sometimes the phrasal verb adds additional information to the single-word verb (jump at/take, come across/find, hold out/resist)¹⁰. It has been possible to reach certain conclusions about the typical behavior of some particles. They can give a sense of: 1) a prolonged or continued action (eat away at, carry on); 2) completion (catch up, use up, give up); 3) aimless behavior (hang around, play around) 4) resistance (hold out, hang on). This classification scheme is by no means complete. Many other function categories of particles can certainly be identified.
In general, the main function of phrasal verbs is conceptual categorization of reality in the speaker's mind. They denote not only actions or states as "ordinary" verbs do, but also specify their spatial, temporal or other characteristics. This ability to describe actions or states more precisely, vividly and emotionally is determined by the adverbial components of phrasal verbs. By combining with these elements, verbs of broader meaning are subjected to a regular and systematic multiplication of their semantic functions¹¹. Basing on the knowledge we have regarding the phrasal verbs we can make our own classification of them, taking into account their composition and the semantic sense they denote:
1) Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that can help to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable. Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or placed after the particle¹². Both sentences below are correct: I took my shoes off. I took off my shoes. However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particle: I took them off (correct). I took off them (incorrect).
Separable phrasal verbs (which are always transitive) are usually accented on the particle: The council wants to knock down lots of old buildings. The council wants to knock lots of old buildings down. When we don't use a pronoun, it doesn't really matter where we put the object. We generally put the object where it sounds better. If we use a pronoun, we have to put it between the two words of the verb. Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object: He ran into tree (correct). He ran a tree into (incorrect). Intransitive nonseparable phrasal verbs (verbs that do not allow an object) are usually accented on the particle. These verbs don't have an object. Examples: The barn got hit by lightning, and it burned down. Because there's no any object. Transitive nonseparable phrasal verbs (verbs that require an object) are usu­ally accented on the verb¹³.
2) three-word phrasal verbs are not always composed of two words. Three-word phrasal verbs are composed of a verb and two particles: the first particle is normally an adverb, and the second a preposition. Like two-word phrasal verbs, three-word phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable: Jake always went in for fishing when he was a kid. I've put up with these love handles long enough - next week I'm getting liposuction. She just wants to get it over with so she can stop worrying about it¹⁴. Semantically phrasal verbs can be distinguished through the particles and adverbs they are usually used with, for instance: a phrasal verb with the particle out is used in many phrasal verbs and has many meanings. Among the most frequent meanings of out are to say that something or someone literally moves from the inside to the outside of a place: He fell out of a tree. Melanie came out of the house¹⁵. That an action or activity has ended: The fire went out. Hank dropped out of school. The meeting has been put off till the next Monday.