Introduction The course paper is dedicated to the study of the syntax and semantic features of phrasal verbs in the English language



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MARDONOVALAYLOCOURSEWORK

Conclusion
In this course paper we have dealt with many problems of grammar, especially urgent things, stative and actional verbs, It is known that English is one of the languages of German language origin and it has more than 341mln speakers. In the first chapter we dealed with the general characteristics of English verbs. As we know that verbs are classified in many ways: finite and nonfinite verbs, regular and irregular verbs, dynamic and stative verbs and so on.
An Phrasal verb is the combination of a standard verb such as make or putwith one or two particles. In some cases the particle is an adverb such asaway, together; in others it is a preposition such as through, in. Here are a few examples of the many hundreds of English phrasal verbs: pass away, pull together, fall through, make do with, put down to.
Phrasal verbs are very important for learners because they are so prevalent in everyday spoken and informal written language. Not only do learners need to understand the more common phrasal verbs, but they will also need to use them themselves. If they don't, and use a more formal synonym, they run the risk of sounding pompous or ridiculous to native speakers.
The difference between these types of phrasal verbs lies with the status of the element(s) that appear in addition to the verb. When the element is a preposition, it is the head of a full prepositional phrase and the phrasal verb is a thus a prepositional phrasal verb. When the element is a particle, it can not (or no longer) be construed as a preposition, but rather is a particle because it does not take a complement Finally, many phrasal verbs are combined with both a preposition and a particle.
The aspect of these types of phrasal verbs that unifies them under the single banner phrasal verb is the fact that their meaning cannot be understood based upon the meaning of their parts taken in isolation. When one picks on someone, one is not selecting that person for something, but rather one is harassing them. When one hangs out, one is in no way actually hanging from anything. The meaning of the two or more words together is often drastically different from what one might guess it to be, based upon the meanings of the individual parts in isolation.
To understand the contradictions between the bluntly formulated "rules" and reality, as well as to evaluate properly the results of informant tests like the one mentioned above, we must bear in mind that the true grammatical rules or regularities cannot be separated from the expression of meanings; on the contrary, they are themselves meaningful. Namely, they are connected with the most general and abstract parts of content inherent in the elements of language.
Word order as an element of grammatical form is laden with its own meaningful functions. It can express, in particular, the difference between the central idea of the utterance and the marginal idea, between emotive and unemotive modes of speech, between different types of style. Thus, if the inverted word order in a given sentence does express these functions, then its use should be considered as quite correct.
There are 2 main reason why do we need phrasal verbs:
Firstly, social change demands new words. For example, developments in technology have given us the phrasal verb top up (pay money onto a top-up card which you spend when you use your mobile phone) and the expression top-up card (a card you buy for a mobile phone which allows you to make calls up to the value of the card). Computers have given us scroll up/down (move up or down a computer screen) and copy somebody in (send someone a copy of an email that you are sending to another person). Trends in the world of work also provide us with new phrasal verbs such as skill up (provide someone with the skills they need to be better at their job, by providing training, for example).
Secondly, phrasal verbs have specific stylistic qualities and for this reason are particularly popular with journalists. They simplify and enliven language in a very flexible way. For instance, it is more interesting to use the expression dumb up (opposite of dumb down) than 'raise one's intellectual and cultural values'. For the same reason sex up was an attractive addition to English and, more recently, sex down (make something less exciting). There is a natural tendency in any language to develop its emotional and affective means of expression. There are not only points of coincidence here but specific features characteristic of any given language with its own patterns of formations and its own type of structural units.
If we demonstrate not only fluent speech but also a richness of the vocabulary you use in the everyday speech and what is more the complete understanding of phrasal verbs, you hear and say, then you may be considered to achieve the very top level of knowing the foreign language21.



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