always clear. As we shall see in the next few paragraphs, difficulties in
clarifying the nature of the word are largely due to the fact the term ‘word’ is
used in a variety of senses which usually are not clearly distinguished. In taking
BING4316/MODUL 1
1.11
“He looked at us in perplexity”.
You would probably look up that unfamiliar word in a dictionary, not under
“perplexity”, but under “perplex”. This is because you now that perplexity is not
going to be listed in the dictionary. You also know, though nobody has told you,
that the words “perplexed” and “perplexing” will also exist. Furthermore, you
know that “perplexity”, “perplexed” and “perplexing” are all in a sense different
manifestations of the ‘same’ abstract vocabulary item. We shall refer to the
‘word’ in this sense of abstract vocabulary item.
Using the term lexeme, the forms “perplexity”, “perplexed” and
“perplexing” are different realizations (or representations or manifestations) of
the lexeme PERPLEX (lexemes will be written in capital letters). They all share
a core meaning although they are spelled and pronounced differently. Lexemes
are the vocabulary items that are listed in the dictionary.
We should agree that:
The physical word-forms
are realization of
the lexeme
See, sees, seeing, saw, seen
SEE
Sleeps, sleeping, slept
SLEEP
Catch, catches, catching, caught
CATCH
The physical word-forms
are realizations of
the lexeme
Jump, jumps, jumped, jumping
JUMP
Tall, taller, tallest
TALL
Boy, boys
BOY
Woman, women
WOMAN
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