fo y d a la n is h i bilan b o g ’liq. Oxirgi yillarda sh u d a v la tla rn in g industrial ra y o n la rig a ( s a n o a t is h la b c h iq a r is h r iv o jla n ish i b ila n ) m u h itn i iflo s la n tir is h k u c h a y ib b o r m o q d a . R iv o j la n a y o t g a n m a m la k a tla r n in g bir g u r u h i r a s m iy r a v is h d a e k o lo g ik tadbirlar ularning riv o jla n ish ig a t siq b lm a slig in i ta la b qildi, ch u n k i tad b irlarga a j r a t i l g a n m a b l a g ’la r i q t i s o d iy r iv o j l a n i s h n i n g b o s h y n a l t i r i s h d a n c h a l g ’itilm o q d a . R iv o jla n a y o tg a n d avlatlar rivojlangan larni m a s ’uliyatni tan o lm a slik la rid a , p la n e ta m uhitini iflo sla n tir ish d a , ‘ z o n te sh ik la r in i” k p ayish i, “parnik e ffe k ti”, iqlimi z g a r ish i v a h.k.lard a a y b la m o q d a la r. Ular iqtisod iy rivojlangan m a m lak atlar e k o lo g ik fa lo k a tn i oldini o lis h n in g g lo b a l h a ra k a tla rd a b o s h rolni z im m a la r ig a olish i kerak d e b h isob layd ilar. Ifloslantirish manbalari K en g m a ’n o d a ch iq in d ilar - in s o n iy a t a tro fid a g i x o ’jalik ishlari, e n e r g iy a o lis h v a h a y o t ja r a y o n id a c h iq a d ig a n narsalardir. B u m a ish iy a h la tla r a tm o s fe r a v a g id r o s f e r a g a t u s h a d ig a n s a n o a t v a q is h io q x ja lik c h iq in d ila r i, D u n y o o k e a n in in g h a y o tig a zararli n eft oqim i, tup roq q a tta m ig a sin g ib k e ta d ig a n , s n g s u v v a in so n n in g o z iq -o v q a tig a o ’ta d ig a n o g ’ir m eta lla r v a zararli m od d alar. Bu A E S chiqindilari h a m , ularni hali h a m k o ’m ishn i r g a n a olm adilar. E n g k o ’p a h la t - yirik sh a h a r la r d a b o ’ladi (m a s a la n , N yu-Y orkdagi har bir