Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

Figure 4. The hypohym of the word “Flower” 
As the figure showed above, to flower, rose is a hyponym and it situates at a 
lower degree; while to Kashmir rose, Samurai rose, Red rose, rose is a 
superordinate which means greater in a degree or rank and sets in a higher place. In 
the similar way words with tulips, it is a superiordinate towards triumph tulip, 
Broken tulip and Lily tulip, yet it is a hyponomic units in the direction of rose. On 
top of that, when a semantic sector was used to describe various things, the 

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consulting standarts are not the same and comparative. For showing as example, 
among the semantic area of big and small, wide and narrow, the size is 
comparative because sometimes the wide ones are narrower than the wide ones. As 
given example, a small sheep is much huger than a large cat, and a tiny butterfly is 
bigger than a massive ant. 
.
Tool
 
 
Educational tools Agricultural tools IT tools Painting tools 

Gardening tools Farming tools Livestock tools 
 
 
Garden forks Garden trowel Garden Garden Clothing 
blade electronic tools tools 
 
Rake Dixter Lawn mower Apron
Digging fork Tissot String trimmer Boots 
Pitchfork Weeding trowel Leaf blower Glowes 
Hand fork Potting trowel Hand –held shear Hat 
Hoe Ladle Chain saw 
Spade Planting trowel Hedge shear 
Showel Tulip trowel 
Figure 5. Hyponymic relationship in lexical field “Tools” 
Additionally, in this figure to tool, agricultural tool is a hyponym and it locates at 
a lower level; while to Gardening tools, Farming tools, Livestock tools, 
agricultural tool is a superordinate and locates at a higher level. The same way 
words with Gardening tools, it is a superordinate towards to Gardening tools, 
Farming tools, Livestock tools, agricultural tool. On the other hand, when a 
semantic field was applied to describe different objects, the consulting standarts 
are different and relative. 

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It is clear that semantic fields are obviously considered hierarchical. We can 
observe them as up and down or from hight to the low degree. In the situations the 
higher level of the semantic fielads is more general and simple, the lower level of 
the hyponyms are more specific and express the clear and transparent meaning.
The hierarchy of semantic field is based on the systematization of objective
substances. In addition to this, it also reflects the consequences of the cognition of 
human being towards nature. It is clear that hierarchy is mostly observed in 
hyponymy. With this characteristic, we could learn new words more easily by 
studying the hyponyms or superordinates of the word we learn from a certain 
semantic field. Another feature of semantic field is transitivity
. 
That is to say, if A 
belongs to B, and B belongs to C, we can say that A belongs to C. Transitivity is 
mainly reflected from two aspects, one of which could be found in the 
superordinate-hyponym semantic field that if B is one type of A, and C is one type 
of B, then we can say that C is one type of A. For example, animal is one of the 
living things, and dog is one of the animals, then we can say dog is one of living 
things. On the other hand, transitivity could be found in part/whole relationship 
that if B is part of A, C is part of B, and then we can say C is part of A.
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For 
example, season is a part of a year, month is a part of season, that makes month a 
part or periods of a year. Also, we can give as an example for this, second is part of 
the minut or the minut is a part of hour, that makes second and minut a part of 
hour. 
It is clear that in lexical layer hyponyms and partnomy play an important 
role to indentify their lexical level in the linguistic. 
According to part /whole relationship of the words in lexical layer we can 
observe this condition in both languages Uzbek and English. Lest do ascertain 
some word is Uzbek language “uy” is the whole, “xona” is the part, “ayvon” is 
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Chunming Gao. The Application of Semantic Field Theory to English Vocabulary Learning. ISSN 1799-2591 
Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 11. - P. 2030-2035, November 2013.Academy publisher 
Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.3.11.2030-2035 

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also considered part with “korridor” is the part or room of the “house” and we 
can say that “xona” is a part of “uy”, “ayvon and korridor” is a part of “xona”.
In this condition we can analyze that figure which was give below. For 
instanse, furniture is one of the applience, and classroom furniture is one of the 
furniture, board is one of the classroom furniture with white board is a kind of 
boards, nextly, white board is also considered furniture. 
Furniture 
Livingroom furniture Classroom furniture Bedroom furniture Office furniture 
 
Chairs Boards Desks Bookshelf Bookcase 
White board Chalk board Pin board 
 
Figure 6. The taxonomic configuation of the hyponymic reltionship in word 
“furniture”. 
Semantic fields usually tend to be complicated, that is why they have 
crisscross as one of the features. It mainly reflects from two aspects. On the one 
hand, a word with just one meaning could form different semantic fields with 
different words. For example, parent could form a hyponymy with father or 
mother; it could also form an antonymy with child. On the other hand, a word with 
different meanings could form various semantic fields with various words. For 
example, fast could form an antonymy with slow; meanwhile, it could also form a 
synonymy with words like quick, rapid and speedy, etc. and form another 
synonymy with firm and fixed. Another example, the word cow could not only 

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refer the generic term of the semantic field of cattle in the higher level, but also 
could refer to simply the female cattle at a lower level in the same semantic field. 
From the characteristics listed above, we can say that we could use the 
superordinates to sum up the words that belong to the same hyponymy and 
describe all other words that belong to the same hyponymy with the superordinates 
to make the context concise and clear as it is necessary. This approach also applies 
when it is unnecessary to list all the hyponyms. For example, we can use stationery 
to cover pens, pencils, rulers and paper, etc. when it is not necessary to list all these 
words. We can also use furniture to include chairs, tables, desks and beds, etc. 
When learning about Jupiter, one of the planets of the solar system, English 
learners could expand the learning list to other names of planets of the solar 
system, such as Mars, Mercury, Saturn, Venus and so on. In an interestingly 
similar way, when learn about Mars, we might also learn that it is also the name of 
god of the war in ancient Roman legendaries, and Jupiter is the name of the king of 
all gods in the same system. This way, English learners could remember words 
much easily and systematically.
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The using the hyponyms in teaching way is 
really useful and benificial for learners of the enlish because it helps to them 
remember the words easily.