Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

Suymoq 
Muhabbat bog’lamoq 
Yaxshi 
ko’rmoq 
Ko’ngil 
quymoq 
Yoqtirmoq 
Oshiq 
bo’lmoq 
Mehr bermoq 
Sadoqat 
ko’rsatmoq 
Shaydo bo’lmoq 
Mahliyo bo’lmoq 
Maftun bo’lmoq 

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lexeme, and this case reflects the relationship of subordinate and superordinate or 
hyperonym and superhyperonym. 
Troponymic relationship of the verb “Yemoq” in Uzbek language
Yemoq 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 12. Troponymic configuration of the verb “Yemoq” in Uzbek 
language. 
From the examples given above, Uzbek verbs have different troponyms. 
These verbs have separate meanings and are not interchangeable when used in 
sentences. When this situation is analyzed more broadly, the hyponymic and 
troponymic relation of verbs and their specific meaning are observed in transitive 
verbs expressed through complements.
When the taxonomic relationship of the verb is studied broadly, it is 
observed that this word group does not express the taxonomic relationship as in 
nouns. Firstly, some semantic layer requires representation through multiple 
independent taxonomies. Therefore, verbs are usually not grouped at a single 
unique level in this semantic field.
The hierarchy of verbs is smaller and denser than the nouns, and in some 
cases, the quantity of hierarchical situations in verbs is more than four. According 
to Uzbek linguist J. Sh. Dzhumabaeva's definition of hyponyms and graduonyms, 
"Giponimlar va graduonimlarning o’zaro aloqasiga keladigan bo’lsak, giponimlar 
turlar sifatida giperonim atrofida joylashsa, graduonomiyada qator a’zolari o’sish 
tartibida yoki kamayish tartibida joylashadi. Ularning o’xshash tomoni shundaki 
Oz-ozdan yemoq 
Ovqatlanmoq 
Shaloplab yemoq 
Oziqlanmoq 
Tanovul qilmoq 
Iste’mol qilmoq 
 

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graduonomik qator qaysi sema asosida tuzilgan bo’lsa, a’zolardan birining o’rniga 
shu so’z ham ishlatishi mumkin”
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. Also, according to English linguistic scientists 
E. Roche and his colleagues, "The hierarchy of almost every taxonomy of verbs 
represents a degree thickened by the rich used lexicon, compared to the levels in 
other word classes"
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.
This layer is named as L0, upper layer as L+1 and lower 
layer as L-1.
Morover, certain parallels can also be represented between the L0 
layer and called the base level in the noun hierarchy. Although most of the 
hierarchy in verbs is not grouped in the L0 layer, the troponymic relationship is 
semantically richer between theese kind of verbs and their superordinates than the 
meaning of verbs at other levels. For example, let's consider the taxonomy of the 
English verb "clean" at the L+1 layer. The L+2 superordinate of the verb "clean" is 
the verbs "wash, wipe". L0 troponyms of the verb "clean" are the verbs "scrub, 
dust". Expressions related to L+1 and L+2 layers "To clean is to wash something 
in some manner", that is, a specific expression from L0 layer, which means "to 
clean in a certain manner" refers to the words "
scrub, dust" related to L+1 layer in 
a certain manner. It is observed that it expresses the idea of word which is related 
to verb "clean" more clearly. These verbs express the concept or notion of walking 
process or action in different ways and determine the specific characteristics of the