Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

part of semantic networks that form hierarchical taxonomies where the more 
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Cruse, D. Meaning in Language: An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University 
Press. 2000. - P.350 

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general term is placed on top of the hierarchy. This relation can be described as a 
“kind of ” or “type of ” relation. For example: 
A hummingbird is a kind of bird. 
 A bird is a kind of animal. 
A animal is a kind of living thing.
This relation is also connected to the logical concept of entailment in the 
sense that the meaning of a proposition can be included in the meaning of another, 
more general one. For example:
a) My son really likes eating so many fruits like grapes, pear, watermelon 
and papaya every day. Grapes, pear, watermelon and papaya are include 
hyponymy and hypernym of fruits.
b) Doctor said that “Eating vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, cucumber, 
tomato and cabbage makes my body healthier. Spinach, lettuce, cucumber, tomato 
and cabbage are include hyponymy and hypernym of vegetables.
c) There are many cities in Uzbekistan such as Samarqand, Kxiva, Tashkent 
and Bukhara. Samarkand, Kxiva, Tashkent and Bukhara are include hyponymy and 
hypernym of cities. 
According to Indah Yuspita’s “Semantic Analysis of Hyponymy on The 
Happy Prince Short Story by Oscar Wilde” work, she gave Norquist’s opinion 
about hyponymy like that” In linguistics and lexicography, hyponym is a term used 
to designate a particular member of a broader class. For instance, daisy and rose 
are hyponyms of flower also called a subtype or a subordinate term and its 
adjective is hyponymic. Words that are hyponyms of the same broader term (that 
is, a hypernym) are called co-hyponyms. The semantic relationship between each 
of the more specific words (such as daisy and rose) and the broader term (flower) 
is called hyponymy or inclusion
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. For example: the semantic relationship between 
each of the more specific words such as “fruit, meat, vegetable” and the broader 
term is “food” which is called hyponymy or inclusion. 
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Indah Yuspita. “Semantic Analysis of Hyponymy on The Happy Prince Short Story by Oscar Wilde”. Medan. 
2020. - P.43 

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According to the English linguist Amaro’s opinion is that “The relation of 
hyperonymy/hyponymy is a lexicon-conceptual relation that simultaneously 
contemplates world knowledge, by its ontological character, and linguistic 
knowledge, as shown in the following examples, in which the hyperonym is used 
to refer a more specific entity (the hyponym) previously presented
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. 
a) He bought a German shepherd (hyponym) but the dog (hyperonym) 
does not bite. 
b) He crawled (hyponym) through the forest, moving (hyperonym) like 
this to avoid being seen. 
c) Marine (hyponym) animals are threatened by the proximity of towns, 
as aquatic (hyperonym) animals are easily affected by sewage 
pollution.
In this study we can come acrros more specific information about this theme
such as data, the relation of hyperonymy / hyponymy allows organizing the lexical 
items according to their type, since each hyponym has all the properties of its 
hyperonym plus some other aspect that characterizes it specifically and 
distinguishes it from all its cohyponyms. In this way, the hyperonymy / hyponymy 
relationship simultaneously contemplates the definition of a monotonic inheritance 
mechanism – by contrast, for example, to what happens in the Generative Lexicon 
model described above – that allows the description of lexical items in a very 
economical way. Hyponyms inherit the conceptual properties of their hypernyms.