Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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CONCLUSION 
 
Summerizing 
the issue of learning lexical and semantic relation of 
hyponyms in words in Uzbek and English languages, we came to the conclusion 
that every linguist the scientist tried to fully reveal the nature and foundations of 
these theme in their scientific research work.
 
In short, relationships are central to 
cognitive processes such as categorization and reasoning. Hyponym and 
hyperonym relations are very important in expressing the words or its meaning and 
introducing logical connection in speech. There is no clear evidence that the 
hypero-hyponomic relationship is more of a linguistic-lexical relationship a 
cognitive-semantic relationship. Until now, the lexical relation of hyponymy has 
not been the focus of many lexical semantic relation-based studies, but it is 
observed in the "gender-species" relation. 
Furthermore, we can clearly coclude that the hyponym in linguistics, 
semantics and genaral semantics describes the relationship between a genric terms 
or words which are named as hypernym and a specific component of it which is 
hyponmy. According to the English and Uzbek linguistics scholars’s opinions and 
research work, the hyponymy is words or phrase which can be conveyed 
semantically more specific or unique and exact rather than their hypernyms. 
However, the hypernym is also known as a superordinate word that means the 
broader than tha hyponymy in the semantic field. Also, the hierarchical structure 
can be mostly observed in hyponym in the semantic fields. In this situations, the 
meaning goes from general and abstract to specific and concrete. This condition is 
mostly occurred from top to the bottom which is the higer level or layer is more 
general and abstract and the lower level or layer is more specific and concrete such 
as “tool”- “study tool” – “pen” – “blue and red pen”.
In addition to the summarizing of the lexical and semantic hyponymic 
relations in Uzbek and Eglish languages are discussed in this is the conclusion we 
can say that 
taxonomies of hyponymy do not cover all types of relations that fall 
under the general term. The fact that functional hyponyms are not necessarily part 
of hyperonyms, the range of what is considered a hyponym in these taxonomies, 

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shows that hyponymy is a broad concept. A. Wirzbika divides hyperonyms into 
hyponymic relations based on morpho-based
semantic properties. These 
considerations raise the question of hyponymy's relationship between words and 
concepts or meanings. The taxonomic breadth semantics of a lexical field is 
determined by a field name that combines several properties that allow the level 
name to be assigned to different ideographic classes. The taxonomic breadth of the 
semantic level is
determined factually it does not exist in the lexicon as an isolated 
unit, but is interconnected with other units and forms different meaning paradigms. 
When choosing lexical representatives of the meaning, the structure of the 
semantic ranks organized around the name of the concept was found to differ in 
terms of taxonomic depth and taxonomic breadth, and also hyper-hyponymic 
taxonomy requires further study.
It is clear that semantic fields are obviously considered hierarchical. We can 
observe them from the uppermost part to the far end of place or from hight to the 
low degree. In the situations the higher level of the semantic fielads is more 
general and simple, the lower level of the hyponyms are more specific and express 
the clear and transparent meaning.
The hierarchy structure of semantic sphere is based on the systematic 
organization of objective
elements. In addition to this, it also shows the results of 
the cognition or comprehension of human being in relation to nature. It is clear that 
hierarchal configuration is chiefly observed in hyponomic words. With this kind og 
features or characteristics, we could learn by heart new vocabularies more easily 
and fast by investigation the hyponyms or superordinates of the word we research 
certain semantically. In recent years, the study of linguistics and learning the 
specialized language has becoming undergoing a ‘cognitive shift’ which places a 
greater focus on more conceptual representations and knowledge organizations. 
Additionally, much researches have targeted the development of semi-automatized 
procedures for exracting especially for hyponymic term pairs and its relationship in 
language systems. Although recent studied linguistic works have focused on other 
conceptual relations, such as meronymy, hyponymy, casuality and function, 

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hyponymy is considered that it is a complex relation that requires a more in-depth 
study and research. According to the English linguist Barriere ’s opinion and Gil-
Berrozpe and Faber’s opinions described their own opinion about this situation. In 
this pilot study, we reconstructed the taxonomies of rain ( a natural entity) and 
melting (a natural process). The results of this hierarchies were based on the 
theoritical and practical investigation of the default modifier word sketch , from 
which hyponymy can be extracted by analyzing the composition of multiword 
terms; a customized word sketch based on hyponymic knowledge pattern, where 
hyponymy was explicitly conveyed in the texts. The results showed that hyponymy 
subtypes were based on the semantic category of the concept, and were constrained 
by the nature of the concept, namely, whether it was an entity or a process. This 
paper presents the results of a new study on hyponymy subtypes that includes 
concepts belonging to a wider range of semantic categories (e.g. activities, 
chemical elements, landforms, element, phenomenon, process etc.), and analyzes 
the behavior of the knowledge patterns used to extract hyponymic relations. 
In this study we can come acrros more specific information about this theme
such as data, the relation of hyperonymy / hyponymy allows organizing the lexical 
items according to their type, since each hyponym has all the properties of its 
hyperonym plus some other aspect that characterizes it specifically and 
distinguishes it from all its cohyponyms. In this way, the hyperonymy / hyponymy 
relationship simultaneously contemplates the definition of a monotonic inheritance 
mechanism – by contrast, for example, to what happens in the Generative Lexicon 
model described above – that allows the description of lexical items in a very 
economical way. Hyponyms inherit the conceptual properties of their hypernyms. 
When we come to study and research the hyponymic relations in word, we come 
across several categories of the researching the hyponymy subtype in this paper, 
they are following categories which are considered important in analyzing the 
hyponyms, the first one is ID number of the hypernym; hypernym; general 
semantic category of the hypernym; hyponym; semantic category of the 
hyponym; hyponymy subtype derived from the hypernym-hyponym pair. 

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Easy and quick teaching of various terms to young people in teaching English 
can increase the level of communication in this foreign language and allow them to 
freely express their opinions in a foreign language.