Knyazevich-Chorna T. Morphological changes of adrenal glands’ hemomicrocirculatory …
42
UDK 616.071+616.002.16+616.45+616.18
© Knyazevich-Chorna T., 2012
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ADRENAL GLANDS’ HEMOMICROCIRCU-
LATORY FLOW AFTER THE ACTION OF GENERAL DEEP HYPOTHERMIA
Knyazevich-Chorna T.
State Higher Educational Establishment “Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University”
Князевич-Чорна Т.В. Морфологічні зміни гемомікроциркуляторного русла надниркових залоз на висоті дії
загальної глубокої гіпотермії // Український морфологічний альманах. – 2012. – Том 10, № 2. – С. 42-43.
У дослідженнях на надниркових залозах 18 білих безпородних статевозрілих щурів-самців, використовуючи
комплекс морфологічних методів дослідження, було вивчено стан їх гемомікроциркуляторного русла на висоті дії
загальної глибокої гіпотермії. Встановлено, що при дії холодового фактора спостерігається звуження артеріальної
та розширення венозної ланок кровоносного русла капсули і паренхіми наднирників. Такі зміни параметрів цих
судин зумовлені морфологічними порушеннями у структурних компонентах їх стінок.
Ключові слова: надниркова залоза, гемомікроциркуляторне русло, загальна глибока гіпотермія.
Князевич-Чорна Т.В. Морфологические изменения гемомикроциркуляторного русла надпочечников на
высоте воздействия общей глубокой гипотермии // Український морфологічний альманах. – 2012. – Том 10, № 2.
– С. 42-43.
В опытах на надпочечниках 18 белых беспородных половозрелых крыс-самцов, используя комплекс морфо-
логических методов исследования, изучено состояние их гемомикроциркуляторного русла на высоте воздействия
общей глубокой гипотермии. Установлено, что при воздействии холода наблюдается сужение артериального и
расширение венозного отделов кровеносного русла капсулы и паренхимы надпочечников. Такие изменения па-
раметров этих сосудов обусловлены морфологическими нарушениями в структурных компонентах их стенок.
Ключевые слова: надпочечники, гемомикроциркуляторное русло, общая глубокая гипотермия.
Knyazevich-Chorna T. Morphological changes of adrenal glands’ hemomicrocirculatory flow after the action of
general deep hypothermia // Український морфологічний альманах. – 2012. – Том 10, № 2. – С. 42-43.
For investigation of adrenal glands of 18 mature white breedless male-rats we used complex of morphological meth-
ods of investigations to study the hemomicrocirculatory flow after the effect of general deep hypothermia. The contraction
of arteries and dilatation of veins have been established in the adrenal glands capsule and parenchyma. Such modifications
of these blood vessels are due to morphological violation in structural components of their walls.
Key words: adrenal gland, hemomicrocirculatory flow, the general deep hypothermia.
Introduction. One of the main factors that affect
the morphology of the adrenal glands is stress, in this
case cold temperatures. Slight and frequent impact of
cold will not only damage the organism, but can even
make it stronger. But, the long lasting impact of very
cold temperatures will lead to irreversible changes [3].
Diseases or any pathological processes of the adrenal
glands lead to changes of the internal environment of the
human organism. Regardless of the etiological factors,
the first place of the pathogenesis of these diseases or
processes is appears as changes in the hemomicrocircula-
tion channel [1]. Therefore important is to investigate the
hemomicrocirculatory flow of the adrenal glands after
the action of general deep hypothermia.
The aim of research. The aim of our research is to
study morphofunctional changes of the hemomicrocircu-
latory flow of the adrenal glands with morphometric
parameters after the general deep hypothermia.
Materials and methods. The experiment was per-
formed on the 18 mature white breedless male rats, with
weight 160-200 grams each, which were divided into two
groups: the experimental (14 rats) and control (4 rats).
The animals from the experimental group were put into
the freezing camera with the constant temperature of
about -32°C in order to reach the desirable rectal tem-
perature of about +12-+13°C [7].
Sections of the adrenals glands were dyed with he-
matoxylin-eosin and fuksin-picrofuksin in order to per-
form the histological investigation. In order to study the
adrenal vessels, they were injected with the ether chloro-
form mixture of paris blue paint through the abdominal
aorta and subsequently dyed with hematoxylin-eosin [8].
Electromicroscopic investigation was performed in the
conventional way.
Pets and manipulation of them carried out in accor-
dance with Appendix 4 to the "Rules for work with
experimental animals", approved by the Ministry of
Health of Ukraine № 755 of 12 August 1997., "On
measures for further improvement of forms of work
with experimental animals" and the "General ethical
principles of animal experiments ", approved by the first
National Congress on Bioethics (Kyiv, 2001).
Results and discussion. After the general deep hy-
pothermia the contraction of the arterial and dilation of
the venous blood vessels of the circulatory system of the
capsule and parenchyma can be observed. In certain
places, the blood vessels were not uniformly filled with
the injected dye mixture. The diameter of the arterioles
of the capsule is about 4 mcm on average (р < 0,05) (in
control 22,10 ± 1,11 mcm). The internal elastic mem-
brane is uneven, forming deep folds on the top of which
the swollen nuclei of the endotheliocytes can be ob-
served. The smooth myocytes of the middle layer have
veiled nuclei, which are situated deep between folds of
the inner elastic membrane. The external elastic mem-
brane has no outlines, and the dilatation of the perivascu-
lar space is observed.
Under the electron microscope we can observe the
swelling of the endotheliocytes of the arterial stream,
resulting in their crossing over into the lumen. The nuclei
of these cells are elongated, with condensed chromatin
located under the invaginated karyolema. The tubules
and cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum widen
and form vacuoles. On their outer membrane we can
observe a large amount of ribosomes. The components
of the Golgi complex become wider. The mitochondria
increase in size, their matrix is transparent containing
fuzzy crysta. A lot of vacuoles are seen in the cytoplasm.
The lumenal surface of the cell membrane of endothelio-
cytes is fragmented in some areas. The basal membrane
Український морфологічний альманах, 2012, Том 10, № 2
43
is dilated and together with the inner elastic membrane
forms an uneven fold. Its folds are considerably deeper
than those of the control group. The smooth myocytes
of the middle layer of the blood vessel wall and their
organelles have poorly defined boundaries due to the
swelling. Invagination is seen in the adventitial layer.
Same occurrences can be seen in the structural compo-
nents of the precapillaries, causing the contraction of
their lumen: 12,26 ± 0,45 mcm (р < 0,05) (in the control
group 14,42 ± 0,72 mcm).
In the capillaries of the capsule and the cortex of the
adrenal glands, we can see the destruction of the fenestral
areas of endotheliocytes and the formation of protru-
sions of their lumenal membrane into the cavity of capil-
laries. The nuclei of these cells are deformed and the
boundaries of the nucleosome become convoluted. The
granules of chromatin combine for form larger structures
and are located under the nuclear membrane. Widening
and vacuolization of the structural components of the
rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus is
observed. The mitochondrial matrix becomes transpar-
ent/lighter, the crysta undergo destruction. The basal
membrane becomes thicker and uneven. In the lumen
of the capillaries erythrocyte sludge can be observed
along with leukocytes and thrombocytes.
Under morphometric analysis, the diameters of glo-
melular fasciculate and reticular zones are the following:
4,21 ± 0,25 mcm (р < 0,01), 4,70 ± 0,16 mcm (р < 0,001)
and 9,07 ± 1,02 mcm (р < 0,05) in comparison with 5,48
± 0,21 mcm, 6,97 ± 0,23 mcm and 13,28 ± 1,31 mcm in
control.
The sinusoidal capillaries of the medullary substance
have an irregular shape, due to the uneven filling by the
injected dye mixture, their diameter increases to 27,07 ±
1,25 mcm (р < 0,05).
On the basis of morphometric analysis the dilatation
of the postcapillaries, venules, veins and the central vein
of the medullary substance are observed. The diameter of
these vessels is 42,71 ± 1,54 mcm (р < 0,05), 61,27 ±
2,29 mcm (р < 0,05), 93,35 ± 1,55 mcm (р < 0,01) та
129,73 ± 2,26 mcm (р < 0,01) respectively, witch is
bigger than in control group.
The endotheliocytes of the sinusoids and the venous
part of blood stream elongate and become thinner. The
nuclei of the cells also become elongated and the amount
of cell components decreases.
When talking about the spasm of the arterial part of
the blood stream, its reflex origin should be noted. It is
known that the reaction of the organism to the changes
of the ambient temperature is going through the activa-
tion of the sympathoadrenal system [6, 9], the terminal
fibers of witch are located near the vessels and smooth
muscle elements and through the α-adrenoreceptors it
influences microcirculation [2]. In this manner, hypo-
thermia can lead to the spasm of smooth myocytes of
arterial blood vessels [4]. The dilatation of the venous
stream is caused of the weakening and destruction of the
elastic components of the venous wall under the influ-
ence of the biologically active substances circulation of
which is increased in the blood stream under the cold
factor [5].
Conclusions:
1. After the total deep hypothermia we can observe
the spasm of the arterial stream and the dilatation of the
venous stream, swelling of the components of the cellu-
lar wall and changes their morphometric parameters.
2. All these changes lead to tension of the cells of the
paremchyma of the adrenal glands corresponding to the
period of the reactive-swelling changes caused by com-
pensatory adaptation phenomena.
Prospects for future research in this direction are
unquestioned, because it is unknown what changes we
will observe in other terms after the total deep hypo-
thermia and how the regeneration of the organ will be
held.
REFERENCES:
1. Doriot P. A. Some unusual consideration about vessel
walls and wall stresses / P. A. Doriot // J. Theor. Biol. –
2003. – Vol. 221, № 1. – P. 133–141.
2. Hormonal regulation of mitogen activated protein
kinase activity in bovine adrenocortical cells: cross- talk
between phosphoinositides, adenosine 30,50-mono-
phosphate and tyrosine kinase receptor pathways / O.
Chabre, F. Cor-nillon, S. Bottari [et al.] // Endocrinol-
ogy. – 1995. – Vol. 136. – Р. 956–964.
3. Ivanov K.P. The problem of recovery of physiological
functions in humans during deep hypothermia (to the
question of the limits of physiological adaptation) / K.P.
Ivanov // Human Physiology. - 2002. - T. 28, № 3. - P.
123-130.
4. Kudryashov Y.A.Paired organ vascular function during
hypothermia against hypoxia / A. Y. Kudryashov, M.
S. Tabarov, B. I. Tkachenko // Pathological physiology
and experimental therapy. - 1993. - № 2. - P. 20-23.
5. Kumar V. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of
disease / V. Kumar, A. Abbas, N. Fausto. – [7-th Edi-
tion]. – Saunders, 2004. – 1525 p.
6. Lapsha V.M. Morphofunctional changes in the sym-
pathoadrenal system under the influence of temperature
and emotional factors / V.M. Lapsha, V. N. Bocharov
// The endocrine system of the body and harmful envi-
ronmental factors: the works of all-Union Conf. Confe-
rence. - 1991: Proc. - Leningrad, 1991. -P. 133.
7. Pat. 65225A Ukraine, IPC A 61 B 5/01. The method
of modeling the overall deep hipotermia experiment /
Shutka B.V., Popadynets O.G., Zhurakivska O.Y.; patent
Ivano-Frankivsk State Medical
University.
- №
2003065678; appl. 19.06.03, publ.15.03.04, Bull. Number
3.
8. Pat. 91377 Ukraine, IPC A 61 B 10/00, G 01 N
1/30. A way of combined detection of hemomicrocircu-
latory flow and parenchyma tissue by injection of blood
vessels and staining hematoxylin and eosin / Levitsky
V.A., Popadynets O.G., Knyazevich-Chorna T. V., Ko-
linko J. O.; patent Ivano-Frankivsk State Medical Uni-
versity. - № a200804032; appl.
03/31/2008,
publ. 26.07.2010, Bull. Number 14.
9. Total deep hipotermiya / [Shutka B., Sagan OV
Dutchak AM et al.] Ed. B. Jokes. Ivano-Frankivsk:
Galician printing, 2006. - 300 p.
Надійшла 24.02.2012 р.
Рецензент: проф. С.А.Кащенко