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The structural criterion also brings forth pronounced distinctive features characterizing phraseological units and contrasting them to free word-groups.
Structural invariability is an essential feature of phraseological units and it finds expression in a number of restrictions.
1) First of all, restriction in substitution. As a rule, no word can be substituted for any meaningful component of a phraseological unit without destroying its sense. To carry coals to Manchester makes as little sense as В Харьков со своим самоваром.
At the same time, in free word-groups substitution does not present any dangers and does not lead to any serious consequences. In The cargo ship is carrying coal to Liverpool all the components can be changed: The ship/vessel/boat carries/transports/brings coal to (any port).
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