1) Phraseological combinations are word-groups with a partially changed meaning. They may be said to be clearly motivated, that is, the meaning of the unit can be easily deduced from the meanings of its constituents. E.g. to look a sight (coll.) (выглядеть пугалом), to take something for granted (принимать как должное), bosom friends (закадычные друзья).
2) Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its constituent parts. They are motivated units; the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts; the metaphor, on which the shift of meaning is based, is clear and transparent.
E.g. to stick to one’s guns (стоять на своём) – (= to be true to one’s views or convictions); to sit on the fence (сохранять нейтралитет) – (= in discussion, politics refrain from committing oneself to either side); to lose one’s head (потерять голову) – (= to be at a loss what to do); to lose one’s heart to smb. (полюбить кого-либо) – (= to fall in love); to look a gift horse in the mouth (смотреть в зубы дарёному коню; критиковать подарок) – (= to examine present too critically); to ride the high horse (важничать) – (= to behave in a superior, haughty way); a big bug/pot, sl. (важная шишка) – (= a person of importance); a fish out of water (человек не в своей тарелке; рыба без воды) – (a person situated uncomfortably outside his usual or proper environment).
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