18.7.1 (i) Merits or utility of Maslow’s Classification of Needs
(a) Maslow’s theory suggested the priority and nature of needs.
(b) This concept of needs is important for understanding the managerial task inrelation of human
resources working in organisation.
(c) Maslow’s approach is direct, simple and practical.
(d) He pointed out that this hierarchy of needs is not rigid and fixed in order and it is not the same for
all individual.
18.7.1 (ii) Weaknesses of Maslow’s Theory:
It is a general expression not specific. The levels in the hierarchy are not rigidly fixed. The boundaries
between them are hazy and overlapping.
It does not have any allowance for exceptions. This approach overlooks the interaction of needs.
18.7.2 Frederick Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory:
This is also another needs theory
Herzberg
concentrated on two factors to explain employees
motivation.
Managers have viewed job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction as opposite ends.
Herzberg
suggested
that the opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction but simply “no satisfaction:.
Two factors of
Herzberg
are:
(i) Motivators
i.e. factors that produced job satisfaction. It includes achievement, recognition,
responsibility, advancement and personal growth.
(ii) Dissatisfiers
led due to dissatisfaction in the job called as “Hygienes” which includes company
policies and administration, supervision, working conditions pay and job security.
Herzberg’s
two factor theory can be explained in the following figure.
Based on this
Herzberg
concluded that only motivators produce job satisfaction, where as hygienes
merely prevent job dissatisfaction.
Centre for Distance Education
Acharya Nagarjuna University
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Fig. 18.4
HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY
ACHIEVEMENTS
RECOGNITION
MOTIVATING FACTORS
OPPORTUNITY FOR GROWTH
WORK ITSELF
ADVANCEMENT
RESPONSIBILITY
COMPANY POLICY
AND ADMINISTRATION
TECHNICAL
SUPERVISION
INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP
WITH PEERS
MAINTENANCE FACTORS
STATUS
INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP
WITH SUPERVISORS
INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP
WITH SUBORDINATES
NON-MONERARY/
MONETARY
SALARY
JOB
SECURITY
INDIVIDUALS
PERSONAL
LIFE
WORKING
CONDITIONS
FIG.
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Acharya Nagarjuna University
18.9
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