3.9
Principles of Management
Management an Art or Science
Planning :
Planning is the basic managerial function. Planning helps in determining the course of
action to be followed for achieving various organisational objectives. It is a decision taken in advance,
what to do, when to do, how to do, and who will do a particular task. Planning is a process which
involves “ thinking before doing “. Planning is concerned with the mental state of the manager.
Hence planning is regarded as a thinking function than a doing functions. Other functions of
management such as Planning, Organising, Directing and Controlling are also undertaken after
planning. It is a continuous process that takes place at all levels of management.
It involves the selection of organizational objectives and developing policies, procedures,
programs, budgets and strategies. Thus a detailed planning is done in the beginning but the actual
performance is reviewed and suitable changes are made in plans when actual execution is done.
Organising :
Organising is to arrange, guide, co-ordinate direct and control the activities of other factors
of production viz, men, material, money and machines. So as to accomplish the objectives of the
enterprise.
Steps in organising :
(i)
To identify the work to be performed
(ii)
To Classify the work
(iii)
To assign these groups of work to individuals
(iv)
To delegate authority and ascertain the responsibility.
(v)
To co-ordinate these authority responsibility relationships of various activities.
A Sound organisation contributes greatly to the continuity and success of an organisation.
How ever, an organisation is not an end in itself. Therefore organisation structure should be flexible.
Thus organisation provides the necessary frame work with in which people associate for the
attainment of business objectives.
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