3. Proper communication : Communication among different levels in the organisation is very
essential. If plans are not properly understood by those who are to implement them then these
may not achieve the desired results. Communication provides a channel for the exchange of
information among various persons. Without a proper communication system planning is bound
to fail.
4. Participation in planning : The method and extent of participation will depend upon the type of
organisation participation of persons at different levels may help in proper implementation of
plans.
5. Emphasis on planning : Both long term and short term plans should get proper emphasis. For
effective implementation of planning both long- term and short-term plans should be given on
equal weightage.
6. Timing : Since the planning process is complex of any major and derivative plans and since
plans are necessarily related to one another, it is important that they fit together, not only in
terms of content and action, but also in terms of timings.
9.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANNING : 1. Minimises uncertainity : Planning certainly minimises future uncertainties by basing its deci-
sions on past experiences and present situations.
2. Better utilisation of resources : All the resources are first identified and then operations are
planned. All resources are put to best possible uses.
3. Economy in operation : The operations selected being better among possible alternatives,
there is an economy in operations.
4. Better co-ordination: Planning will lead to better co-ordination in the organisation which will
ultimately lead to better results.
5.Encourage innovation : Planning helps innovative and creative thinking among managers be-
cause they will think of many new things while planning.
