3. Time consuming exercise : As planning involves a number of steps, a lot of time has to be
devoted to plan before actual operations start.
4. Lack of workers initiatives : Under planning exercise worker has to act only mechanically.
It robs him of his interest in the work .
5. External factors may reduce utility : Besides internal factors, there are external factors to
which adversely affect planning. These factors may be economic, social, political, technological or
legal.
6.Psychological hurdle : Human psychology also to an extent, places some hurdles in the suc-
cess of planning. There is a certain degree of conservatism in people which implies resistance
to change.
7. Sudden emergencies : In case certain emergencies arise then the need of the hour is quick
action and not advance planning. These situations may not be anticipated.
9.9 SUMMARY : Thus in the context of management, planning is the function of forecasting, framing of the
objectives, policies, procedures, schedules, budgets etc,. It involves the consideration of all
anticipated problems and a future course of action. Planning basically makes a choice from a
number of alternative courses of action.
9.10 SELF- ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS : 1. Define planning, what are the Principles of Planning ?
2. Explain Planning Process?
3. What are the techniques of Planning?
4. Describe the significance and limitations of Planning
9.11 REFERENCE BOOKS : 1.
Principles and Practice of Management - L.M. Prasad.
2.
Management - Harold Koontz & Cyrill O’Dounnel
3.
Principles of Business Organisation and Managemen t -P.N..Reddy & S.S. Gulshan
Dr. K.Kanaka Durga Reader in commerce, Hindu College,Guntur
