Liposomal vaccine formulations as prophylactic agents: design considerations for modern vaccines



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10.1186 2Fs12951-017-0319-9

Lamellarity
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Immunosmulatory
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Fig. 1 Physicochemical and morphological factors to consider in liposomal vaccine design


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De Serrano and Burkhart  J Nanobiotechnol (2017) 15:83 
vesicle lamellarity characteristics against antibody for-
mation enhancement [
42
]. Liposomes composed of leci-
thin, dicetyl phosphate and cholesterol were prepared in 
the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Animals 
injected with blank liposomes (no BSA) did not generate 
a significant immune response, as predicted. However, 
animals injected with BSA-loaded unilamellar vesicles 
(ULVs) generated strong immune responses compared 
with multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Another seminal arti-
cle presents the co-formulation or adsorption of bovine 
herpesvirus 1 proteins to large unilamellar (LUVs) and 
multilamellar (MLVs) liposomes composed of phosphati-
dylcholine (PC) as the main lipid component [
43
]. Strong 
antibody titers were detected in animals injected with 
LUVs prepared with virus proteins (both adsorbed and 
co-formulated) and egg PC. Recently, another study dem-
onstrated the effects of the lamellar state for liposomes 
in subunit vaccines to induce immune responses [
44
]. 
SUVs with ovalbumin (OVA) induced greater levels of 
CD8
+
IFN-γ responses against the protein in the spleen. 
Researchers added TLR3 and nine agonists, enhanc-
ing the immune responses in MLVs but not SUVs. Alto-
gether, the studies demonstrate the effect of lamellarity 
of liposomes in immune responses, being SUVs the pre-
ferred state to potentiate innate and adaptive responses 
which improves vaccine efficacy.

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