Listening test

F.
 
To sum up, soursop is not only a delicious, but also a very nutritious fruit. However, it 
is imperative to talk to a physician before considering to use it for medicinal 
purposes. If taken in large dosage, it can induce vomiting and depress the 
cardiovascular system. It can also induce uterine contractions, for which pregnant 
women should not use this fruit for medicinal purposes. All these possible side 
effects need to be considered before using this fruit, or any other part of the tree for 
the treatment of cancer and other ailments. 
Part 4 
Read the following text for questions 21-29 
The contribution of language to business 
People say that business is all about relationships, but the truth is that business is really all 
about language communication. Languages make either a direct or indirect contribution to 
business and industry—from acquiring and retaining customers to improving employee 
engagement and performance. At the most fundamental level, business cannot happen 
without communication. This is even more true in the era of globalization. As geographic 
borders become porous and the world flattens, effective communication with customers, 
employees, partners, suppliers, and other stakeholders across the globe becomes essential 

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t.me/PROFESSIONALS_cefr
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to successfully running a company. 
There is no universal agreement on how significant the language factor is; nor the degree of 
language proficiency in contribution to the success of business and industry. In large 
modern enterprises, people have the unique experience of working with thousands of 
organizations across different industries and sectors that are tackling this very problem. 
Companies adjust to these demographic, cultural, and economic trends and proactively 
build workforces with the skills and capabilities needed to grow and thrive in this 
multicultural and international economy. Although the combination of business functions 
and processes impacted by improved communication may vary from company to company, 
language skills consistently deliver tangible business value and results for organizations that 
invest in language training. 
Although English is dominant for international transactions, many business people also 
think and deal in scores of languages. Companies that operate solely in English will miss 
opportunities to capitalize on the explosive growth in developing and untapped markets at 
home and abroad. These companies also run the risk of misunderstandings with customers, 
and with members of an increasingly global workforce. Moreover, travellers on business 
need to have different levels of language proficiency. On a basic level, they are able to use 
the language at the airport and to check in at the hotel. Besides, they need a high language 
proficiency to deal with workers at their offshore factories. 
One of the biggest business advantages of a workforce that can effectively communicate in 
more than one language is the ability to reach new markets—both at home and abroad. On 
the domestic side, for example, the U.S. has become even more of a melting pot than in the 
past, with minorities accounting for a greater proportion of the total population. 
Accordingly, in domestic venues, the consumer contacts and service activities also ask for 
workers with good skills of different languages, such as at restaurants or in duty-free stores. 
The language proficiency needed to hold a conversation is quite different from that needed 
for negotiating. Receptionists and telephonists are the first point of contact between firms. 
The language proficiency they need is to gather basic factual information. Yet negotiating 
well in another language is one of the most difficult skills, especially nowadays when it is 
often done at a distance by videoconference, teleconference or email. It is also one of the 
most important things to do well, with usually a clear financial penalty for doing it badly. To 
really master the negotiating skill, negotiators need a thorough understanding of the very 
many phrases they might hear during a negotiation and an ability to show fine shades in 
meaning in their own contributions. Similar to negotiating, certain occupations like 
shipping, also require unbroken and detailed communication between officials. 

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