gan bo‘lib, ular qimmatga tushar edi, chunki yog‘och qimmatbaho ma terial boigan. Yog‘ochni ishlatmaslik uchun loydan gisht yasalar edi. Gishtning odatdagi oichamlari har bir tomoni 0.3 dan 0.4 m gacha boiar edi, qalinligi esa 0.053 dan 0.11 m, Bu Misrliklamikiga o‘xshash gishtlar loy bilan birgalikda qurilar edi, gisht xomligicha terib chiqilar edi. Buni quyidagilarga asosan xulosa chiqarish mumkin. Diniy odatga ko‘ra, qurilishning birinchi qatoriga tumor tashlanar edi, va bu mayda buyumlar g‘isht qatlamida iz qoldirmas edi. Bino- barin, tumorlar qo‘yilganda pastki qatlamdagi gishtlar quruq boiib, yuqori qatlamdagilar xom boigan. Bu holat Ossuriyaga xos tizimning usullariga quyidagi tarzada xulosa chiqarishga va uning misrlik- lamikidan farq qilishini ko'rsatishga imkon beradi. Misrda gisht quruq holda suyuq loy qatlamiga terib chiqilgan: Ossuriyada esa aksincha, gisht butunlay xomligida terib chiqilgan. Terilgan gisht qatlami quyosh nuri ostida tez quriydi va uning ustiga xom va bogianishsiz terilgan gishtlar ularda bor boigan namlik tufayli umumiy massa boiib yopishib ketadi. Ba’zida massivni quritish drenajlar yoki tosh suv o‘tkazgichlari orqali eritiladi. Tuproqli massivlarda topilgan o ‘rtacha oichamli kesimida 0.2 m balandlikdagi va eni 0.12 m boigan gorizantal ariqlar odatda drenaj (zovur) tarzida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Aslida esa bu kanallar (ariqlar) - bu bir paytlar massivlarga bogianish uchun qo‘yilgan va 98
Auguste Choisy. Hie World History o f Architecture. London. 2009. P-54-55(Tbe architecture o f Mesopotamia is
ancient architecture o f the region o f the Tigris-Euphrates river system (also known asMesoPOtamial encompassing
several distinct cultures and spanning a period from the I Oth millemtium BC, when the first permanent structures were
built, to the
6
th century BC. Among the Mesopotamian architectural accomplishments are the development of urban
planning, the courtyard house, and тедпии1* No architectural profession existed in Mesopotamia; however, scribes
drafted and managed consmiction for the govenunent, nobility, or royalty. The favoured design was rounded bricks,
which are somewhat unstable, so Mesopotamian bricklayers would lay a row o f bricks perpendicular to the rest every
few rows. The advantages to plano-convex bricks were the speed o f manufacture as well as the irregular surface which
held the finishing plaster coat better them a smooth surface from other brick types. Bricks were sun baked to harden
lhem. These types of bricks are much less durable than oven-baked ones so buildings eventually deteriorated)
