tushib ketishi xavfidan saqlovchi keng (y o i) mavjud boigani aniq- langan. Xorsobodda biz devorlami tik shaklda ekanligini ko‘ramiz. Barcha qal’alaming devorlari releflarida tishli qilib ko‘rsatilagan; Misrdagi istehkomlarda biz tavsiflagandek xuddi shunday tishli tuynuklar ko'rinadi. Ba’zida devorlaming tishlari tashqi tomondan maskirovka quril- malari bilan himoyalanar edi, ular qamal paytida qo'yilar va dumaloq qalqondan iborat edi. 0 ‘z shakli va mustahkamlanish usuliga ko‘ra bu maskirovka qurilmasi harakatlanuvchi (ko‘chma) boiar edi, uni o ‘rnatish qulayligiga ko‘ra u oldindan himoya qilar edi (ekran vazifasini bajar edi), goh yuqoridan himoya qilar edi. Qamal qiluvchilaming o‘qi uni teshib o‘tish o‘miga, kuchini yo'qotar va uni harakatga keltirib, u bo'yicha sirpanar edi. Kiruvchi eshiklar - kirish joylari shunday qurilgan ediki, u har qanday tasodifning oldini oson baratarf etishi mumkin edi. Xorsobodda har bir kirish minorasimon do‘nglik bilan himoyalangan va u qo‘riqchilar uchun xonalar joylashtirilgan uzun yoiak ko‘rinishida103. Fortifikatsion inshoatlarga biz yuqorida tavsiflab o ‘tgan g‘alati tuzilishdagi yer osti yoiini ham kiritish kerak. Tuproqli istehkomlami qamal qilganda ko‘pincha yer ostidan kovlashlardan tez-tez foyda- lanishgan. Gerodot shunday hikoya qiladiki, tinch mahal saroyning zallaridan birida uning tuproqli poydevori orqali kovlab chiqib o‘g‘rilik qilishgan. Bunday nohush tasodiflami bartaraf qilish uchun harakat qilish kerak, buni yerni kovlash vaqtidagi shovqinni eshitibgina erishish mumkin edi. 105
Auguste Choisy. The Weald History of Architecture. London. 2009. P-70 (Огюст Шуази. Всеобщая история
архитектуры. ООО Издательство ЭКСМО 2009 kitobning rus tilidagi talqinidan foydalanilgan) (Doorways seem
to have been generally crowned with a brick archivolt; round-headed doors occur oftener than any others on the bas-
reliefs, but rectangular ehamples are not wanting. In the latter case the lintel roust have been of wood, metal, or stone.
Naturally the bronze and timber lintels have disappeared, while in but a single instance have the explorers found one
of stone at the entrance to a ball in the palace of Sennacherib. It consists of а Ыоск of richly carved limestone, its
sculptures are now much worn, but their motives and firm execution may still be admired Two winged dragons, with
long necks folded like that o f a swan, face each other, the naiTow space between them being occupied by a large two-
handled vase. Above these there is a band of carved foliage, the detoils o f which are lost in the shadow cast by a
projecting cornice along the top of the lintel. The necklace round the throat of the right-hand dragon should be noticed X„
