Yevropa san’ati rivojida muhim rol o‘ynadi. 1648-yili Rassomlik va
xaykaltaroshlik qirol akademiyasi, 1671-yilda esa Me’morchilik
akademiyasining tashkil etilishi san’at ravnaqida katta ahamiyatga ega
boidi. Klassitsizmning rasmiy badiiy-adabiy uslub sifatida e’tirof
etilishi san’atning ravnaq topishida muhim rol o‘ynadi. Bu uslub
rivojlanishiga Dekart falsafasi, Gassend qarashlari tasir etdi. XVII asr
shahar va shahardan tashqarida qurilgan me’morlik majmualari, qirol
va zodagonlarning qarorgoh va saroylari, burjua boylarining uylari
klassitsizm uslubining rivojlanishida muhim omil boidi. Mashhur Luvr
saroyining sharqiy tomoni ko'rinishi, Versal saroy-bog‘ majmuasi,
ko‘plab tantanavor arklar, ko‘priklar hamda jamoat binolari qurildi.
XVII
asr fransuz me’morchiligining nafis yodgorligi Versal saroyi
majmuasi (1603-1689) Lyudovik XIV ning qarorgoxi edi. Lui Levo
(1604-1670) xiyobon-bog‘ san’ati ustasi Andre Lenotr (1613-1700)
tomonidan boshlangan va me’mor Jyul Andruen Mansar (1646-1708)
tomonidan tugallangan bu majmua absolyutizm g‘oyalari - qirol
hokimiyatining abadiyligini aks ettiradi428. Bu g‘oya majmua
kompozitsiyasining yechimida namoyon boiadi. Ansambl markazida
qirol qarorgohi-saroyi joylashgan boiib, u tevarak atrofdagi maydonni
o‘ziga bo‘ysundiradi va yaxlitlashtiradi. Uning atrofidagi tabiat aniq
simmetrik reja asosida tashkil etilgan. Saroyning old tomoni serjilo va
sodda, binolari esa tantanavor va sipo qilib ishlangan. Saroyning
markaziy binosida qabulxona va bal o‘tkazishga moijallab qurilgan
xonalar dekorativ bezakka boy. Saroyning markaziy xonasi - qirolning
yotoqxonasi boiib, unga boradigan zallarga nihoyatda jozibali bezaklar
bilan ishlov berilgan. Bezatilishiga alohida e’tibor berilgan. Xiyobon -
bog‘ rejaga muvofiq qatiy yagona o‘q atrofiga qurilgan, uning asosiy
xiyoboni
atrofiga favvora va xaykallar simmetrik asosida
428 History o f Architecture AD.F.Hamlin. A. M. Professor o f the history o f Architecture in the school o f Architecture,
COLUMBIA, UNIVERSIRY, 1998 SEVENTH EDITION. P.184. (The Palace o f Versailles, or simply Versailles, is
a rovalchateau in Versaffles in the fte-de-France region o f France. It is also known as tile C hateau de Versailles.
When the chateau was built, Versailles was a country village; today, however, it is a wealthy suburb o f Paris, some
20 kilometres (12 mites) southwest o f the French capital. The court o f Versailles was the centre o f political power in
France from 1682, when Louis XIV moved from Paris, until the roval femitv was forced to return to the capital in
October 1789 after the beginning o f the French Revolution, Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but
as a symbol o f the system o f abaobte monarchy o f the
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