bino antik dunyoning eng katta gumbazli binosi bo‘ lib, unda Rim memorligining novatorlik xususiyati ko‘zga tashlanadi. Binoning tashqi ko'rinishi sodda, uning old tomonini qizil granitdan ishlangan korinf ustunli peshtoq bezab turadn. Bu ustunlar yaxlit monolit qizil toshdan yo‘nib ishlangan. Aksincha, interyer bezatilishiga alohida e’tibor berilgan, poliga marmar yotqizilgan. Damashqli Apollodor. Panteon. Ichki ko‘rnishi. Devori esa ikki yarusli boiib, birinchi yarusidagi chuqur tokchalarga xudolar haykali qo‘yilgan, ikkinchi yarns esa rangli marmardan ishlangan pilyastrlar bilan boiib chiqilgan. Binoning tepa qismi badiiy yechimi ham diqqatga sazovor219. Gumbaz osti yuzasidan to'rtburchak shaklidagi chuqurchalar - kessonlar yuqoriga qarab kichrayib boradi. Bu, o ‘z navbatida, fazoviy kenglik taassurotini oshirishgaxizmat qiladi. Tomoshabin nazarida gumbaz osti kengligi katta va cheksiz boiib tuyuladi. Kessonlar ichiga o‘matilgan bronzadan ishlanib oltin suvi yuritilgan rozetkalar esa bu serhasham- likni yanada oshirib xonaga afsonaviy fayz kiritadi. Gumbazning yuqori qismida qoldirilgan diametri 9 m boigan «panteon ko‘zi» deb nom olgan darcha xonani yoritish bilan birga, kenglik taassurotini yanada oshirib, xona ichiga tantanavorlilik va xashamatlilikni yanada bo'rttiradi220. Rim memorligida paydo boigan yangi tiplardan biri termlar (suv saroyiari)dir. Iliq va sovuq suvli xovuzlar, gimnastika zallari, oromgohlar, kutubxona boigan. 2-3 ming kishiga moijailangan bunday suv saroylari bezagiga alohida e’tibor berilgan. Mozaika va devoriy suratlar, xaykai va amaliy sanat buyumlari saroy go‘zalligiga go‘zallik qo‘shgan. Rim me’morligining so'nggi muhim yodgorligi 219
The World History o f Architecture. Auguste Choisy. London. 2009. P259(The Pantheon is a building in
Rome. Italy, on the site o f an earlier building commissioned bv Marcus Agrippa during the reign o f Augustus (27BC
- 14 AD). The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. He
retained Agrippa’s original inscription, which has confused its date o f construction. The building is circular with
a portico o f large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment.
A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the mhinria which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening
(oculus) to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon’s dome is still the world's largest
unrerafcrced concrete dome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 metres),
2,9
History' of Architecture AD.F.Hamlin. A. M. Professor of the history of Architecture in the school of Architecture,
COLUMBIA, UNI VERSIRY, 1998 SEVENTH EDITION. P62. The noblest of all circular temples of Rome and of
the world was the Pantheon. The dome appears to have been composed of numerous arches and ribs, filled in and
finally coated with concrete.
X
220 Auguste Choisy. The World History o f Architecture. London. 2009. P245. The bridge’s engineer, ApoIJodorus of
Damascus, used wooden arches, each spanning 38 m (125 ft), set on twenty masonry pillars made of bricks, mortar,
and pozzolana cement. It was built unusually quickly (between 103 and 105), employing the construction of a
wooden
cmssoa for each pier.)