Q5.
Physics can explain a football wonder — the banana kick. This happens when a ball suddenly changes its
direction at the end of its flight. At a certain speed, the air flowing over a flying ball becomes ‘turbulent’.
This means that the air moves irregularly over the ball. As the ball slows down, the air becomes ‘smooth’
again. This slowdown makes the ball turn dramatically, creating the wonderful ‘banana’ kicks that the
spectators like so much.
Q6.
These days, footballs are made in a design based on the ‘Buckminster Ball’. The American architect
Richard Buckminster Fuller came up with the design when he was trying to find a way for constructing
buildings using a minimum of materials. The ball is a series of geometrical figures, which can be fitted
together to make a round body. The modern football is in fact a Buckminster Ball consisting of 32 pieces.
When they are joined together and filled with air they make a perfect sphere.
Q7.
Research has shown that watching the World Cup is good for our health — even if your team goes out on
penalties. The scientists suggest that a common interest and a nationalistic pride are very important. The
competition makes people less concentrated on their own problems. They are also more patient and can
cope with crises much easier. Watching football can, however, also be disappointing, especially when it
comes to the decisions of referees and officials. Besides, watching penalties can be very nervous.
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