342
Pesticide use in Malaysia increased from RM289 million in 1995 to RM403
million in 2008 (Table 4). Herbicides capture >76% of the total market. This
indicates the relative importance of weeds as dominant pests in the Malaysian
agriculture as well as reflecting the dependence on herbicides in the country for
weed management, principally in estates for the past three to four decades in oil
palm, rubber, cocoa, and rice and cereals, vegetable farms and fruit orchards.
Such trends of increasing dependence on pesticides for pest management in the
Malaysia is a common cause for environmental concern, and with records of
parallel increase in incidences of pesticide resistance pests and millennial
weeds, while the rightful fear for the possible loss of beneficial organisms, and
almost total disappearance of fresh water fish in the rice granaries, and
increased environmental pollutions of rivers and waterways
(Baki 2006, 2008).
The challenge to produce agricultural products that are relatively free from
pesticides, especially the use of environmentally-benign pesticides and
agrichemicals is part of the concern among policy makers, environmentalists,
agriculturalists and agriculturists alike in light of the scarcity of domestic labour
supply and increasing dependence on foreign labour.
Table 3. Production (‘000 tonnes) and export value (RM million) (in brackets) of
natural rubber, oil palm, cocoa, and rice (1985– 2008).
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Year
Rubber
Oil Palm
Cocoa
Rice *
1985 n/a n/a
108.0 (600) 1,626.7 (1,180.7)
1990
1,292 (3,028) 6,094.6 (4,272)
247.0 (756) 1,926.4 (1,690.0)
1995
1,089 (4,045) 7,810.5 (11,505) 131.5 (626) 2,127.3 (1,755.2)
2000
750 (2,100)
10,553.9 (17,692) 90.0 (769) 1,940.0 (1,600.7)
2005
556 (8,885) 15,550.2 (28,673) 95.2 (989) 2,122.4 (1,745.1)
2008 567 (9236) 17,667.1 (31,223) 96.3 (923) 2,118.9 (3,178.4)
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* Including the government subsidy of RM185/tonnes, net import.
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