•
We all have a chance to speak
•
We listen when others in the group
are speaking
•
We use our quiet voices
•
We encourage other group members
•
We stay on task
•
We stay in our own group
It is a good idea for the teacher
to have an agreed signal
ready for whenever s/he wishes the class to convene or to
stop working in their groups; it could be a hand signal, a bell
or a card with a symbol on it .When
the teacher uses the
signal, everyone understands that the whole class is being
called to attention.
The
teacher could prepare simple Team Stop Signs for
the class. These are used to manage noise levels during
group activities.
When a team becomes too noisy, the
teacher places a
Team Stop Sign in the middle of the
group. That team must be silent for one minute. This
often has a domino effect on other groups who are very
noisy.
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The teacher can informally assess the groups by seeking out the desired behaviours above.
Disruptive behaviour can be prevented if the teacher publicly affirms good practice in a
group. This may be related to the quality of the group task but it should also focus on how
well the children are adhering to the charter above. As the teacher circulates around the
groups, s/he could unobtrusively place a “good work” sign or symbol in the middle of the
group’s table.
Individual accountability
“What children can do together today, they can do alone tomorrow” (Vygotsky)
As well as assessing the ability of the group to work effectively, the teacher needs to ensure
that individual children are also held accountable to learn the assigned material and to help
others in the group to learn. A group is not truly co-operative if some individuals allow others
to do all of the work. Listed below are some simple ways of structuring individual
accountability.
• Keep the size of the group small and manageable.
• Allocate defined roles as described above.
• Select individual children randomly to share their group’s progress so far with the
class.
• Observe one group at a time and record the frequency with which each member
contributes to the group.
• Ask children to explain or teach what they have learned to someone else or to edit
each other’s work.
Ultimately, each child needs to feel responsible for the success of their group’s progress.
Shared responsibility makes each group member accountable to their peers within the group
and creates a climate of working in the best interests of all.
Some useful resources
PPDS website –
www.ppds.ie
Active Learning: 101 Ways to Teach Any Subject (1996) Mel Silberman.
The Nuts and Bolts of Cooperative Learning (1994). David W. Johnson, Roger T. Johnson
and Edythe Johnson Holubec