Subsequent chapters provide a brief analysis of the sub-sectors in the context of LLL, and set
out the vision for further development of measurable milestones and strategies for their
The World Bank (ed.): Lifelong Learning in the Global Knowledge Economy: Challenges of Developing
EDUCATION
SUBSECTORS
FROM
A
LIFELONG
LEARNING
PERSPECTIVE
Preschool education
According to official data, about 76% of children aged 2 to 7 years are not enrolled in preschool
education (as of 2017). Despite the availability of 4,893 state pre-school educational
institutions and 198 non-state educational institutions (NSEI) with licenses to carry out
activities in preschool education, their number clearly does not correspond to the growth rate
of the country's population. The national report of Uzbekistan on Millennium Development
Goals achievement, prepared in 2015, defines the problem of pre-school education enrolment
as one of the key challenges and tasks for the future.
Problems in the pre-school education sector are primarily caused by neglecting this sphere of
education until 2017 by the government. Since the current Government assumed office, the
situation has changed significantly. At present, pre-school education is placed at the core of
government policy and represents one of the education spheres where fundamental reforms
are under way. For example, only in 2017 the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan enacted
six resolutions directly related to the development of pre-school education.
The resolutions provide a fair assessment of pre-school education and state that over the past
20 years, the number of public pre-school educational institutions (PEI) has decreased by more
than 45 percent, and infrastructure, equipment and logistics of existing pre-school institutions
does not allow the full enrolment of children. In addition, the aforementioned resolutions note
systemic problems related to the following aspects of the pre-school education system: training
and retraining of staff, development of children's skills, and organisation of learning process
based on advanced approaches and technologies, as well as monetary incentive for pre-
school staff.
According to official data, the majority (76.4%) of state PEI’s pedagogical staff has a secondary
specialized education and only 21.9% have a higher pedagogical education.
5
These factors
can adversely affect the development and proper preparation of children for schooling. For this
reason, the government instructed the special commission to analyse the pre-school education
system needs for personnel with higher education by regions and prepare proposals on quotas
for targeted admission to higher educational institutions of pedagogical profile. To address the
problem of insufficient subject knowledge and skills of PEI directors and specialists in modern
management and teaching technologies and in order to learn foreign best practices in 2017
the government established the Institute for Advanced Training of Pre-school Staff.
An important step in addressing existing systemic problems was the elaboration and approval
of the Roadmap for preschool education development for the period 2017-2021, as well as the
establishment of the Ministry of Preschool Education with the responsibility to implement public
policy in this sector.
6
According to the Ministry of Preschool Education, by 2021 it is expected
to reach 100% enrolment of children aged 6-7 years in pre-school training. By then, it is
planned that 50% of children aged 3-5 years will attend PEI. There are long-term plans to enrol
80% of children in preschool up to 2031.
5
https://stat.uz/ru/433-analiticheskie-materialy-ru/2326-statistika-obrazovaniya
(request date - 01.02.2018)
6
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 30, 2017
Current studies show that 90% of child development takes place before the age of 5, and the
first thousand days of children's life are the most important, what explains well the importance
of the family and preschool education in child development. At the stage of preschool
education, the child develops fully. The foundations of personal, cognitive, axiological,
communicative and general cultural competencies are being laid. It is during this period of
development that children gain first experience of learning, and it is important that it is positive
and does not negatively affect the motivation for continuing learning at the next levels of
education.
It is necessary to achieve a greater recognition of preschool education in Uzbekistan, not only
at the level of decision-makers, but also at the level of communities and parents. There is a
need for increasing awareness on the fact that important foundations for the further
development of children’s abilities to learn and to adapt to changing conditions are laid at
preschool age. The development of the child takes place within the family, community and
kindergarten. This fact implies sharing of responsibilities between the main stakeholders in
child development.
Along with addressing the above mentioned problems related to access, staff training for the
preschool education
system, improving its image among the population, etc. there is a need
for fundamental restructuring of the methodological aspect, introduction of advanced
approaches to the work with children in order to focus on the child and his/her learning needs
and interests. It is necessary to create conditions for encouraging the child to learn, and
prerequisites for interesting and engrossing classes.
The development of the PEI network may have a positive impact on improving situation of
women at the labour market. It can become the basis for preventing poverty among women,
and especially women with children from vulnerable social groups. According to European
studies, strengthening social support in childcare allows women to work to the utmost and,
thereby, redistribute responsibilities between partners raising children. In countries with
insufficient social support, the main burden of childcare still lies on women: they more often
take maternity leaves, choose less paid jobs, work part-time, etc. This significantly affects their
welfare and participation at the labour market. Accordingly, in those European countries where
pre-school education and childcare facilities are less developed, there is also the highest
income gap between women and men.
7
Success of reforms in the preschool education system will also largely depend on the extent
to which Uzbekistan will be able to achieve a shared consensus in the society on the goals
and expected results of preschool education, including the current list of competencies
required for entering the school.
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