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APPLICATIONS OF HYBRID CARS 

 

Aytən MƏMMƏDLİ 

Qafqaz University 

[e-mail] 

 

Hybrid vehicles are called hybrids because they use both a small internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric 

motor to obtain maximum power and fuel economy with minimum emissions. The important parts of the hybrid vehicles are 

battery, electric motor, gas engine, generator, regenerative brakes and computer. 

What all hybrids have in common is the ability to generate electric current, store it in a large battery, and use that 

current to help drive the car. Hybrids capture electrical energy produced by a regenerative braking system, and their engines 

can power a generator, too. Hybrids can also conserve energy by shutting down the ICE when the vehicle is in park, idling 

at a light, or stopped in traffic, or when the electric motor’s energy is sufficient to drive the vehicle without assistance from 

the ICE. 

Hybrids have regenerative braking systems that generate electric power to help keep the batteries charged. When the 

driver applies the brakes, the electric motor turns into a generator, and the magnetic drag slows the vehicle down. For 

safety, however, there is also a normal hydraulic braking system that can stop the car when regenerative braking isn’t 

sufficient. There’s no difference in maintenance or repair except that the brake pads tend to last much longer because they 

don’t get used as much. In fact, if you drive a hybrid in a moderate manner, you almost never actually use the disc brakes on 

the wheels and may be able to go the life of the car without changing pads. The big difference is that regenerative brakes 

capture energy and turn it into electricity to charge the battery that provides power to an electric motor. 

Hybrid engines also include an electronic control unit (ECU) that determines which sources of energy are best under 

certain conditions. A hybrid's CU manages the switch between the gas engine and the electric motor automatically and also 

synchronizes the engine with the transmission for maximum fuel efficiency. Most hybrid engines use their ECU to provide 

data, such as range and miles per gallon, to the driver through an electronic dashboard display. 

Better mileage: Due to the latest technologies being used in the car, it boasts of a high efficiency car and gives at least 

20-25 percent more mileages than an average car. It thus, saves money otherwise spent on gas and reduces the dependency 

on oil and its byproducts.  

Environmental friendly: The gasoline engine installed in these cars is smaller and less polluting. It helps reduce the air 

emissions of smog-forming pollutants by up to 90% and also cut down carbon dioxide emissions by half. 

 Fuel efficiency: Hybrid cars give at least 50% better fuel efficiency in the city and 25% better in combined city-

highway miles, over conventional models.  

Better performance: They give a better performance than regular cars, due to the dual motors installed in them and the 

unique feature called as the regenerative breaking system. 

Lighter weight: Because hybrids are constructed using lighter materials, the car does not have to expend as much 

energy to do the same task. 

Despite all advantages, meanwhile, hybrid cars have some disadvantages. We have to mention that in foreign countries 

where hybrid cars are used, depending on how you drive, a hybrid car might not be the right choice for you, because they 

tend to perform quite a bit differently than the vehicles most of us are used to. Hybrid cars have slower speed, safety 

concerns, a few environmental issues and they are more expensive than conventional cars.  

Nevertheless, hybrids will move us one step towards a more responsible future. In my opinion, we need to consider fuel 

in Azerbaijan. Fossil fuels are a limited resource (oil, gasoline) however, we are in an amazing time where we recognize this 

and are acting with this knowledge before it becomes a major disaster. Hybrid cars need to be used in our country 

considering all I have mentioned above and driven by consumers so that we can make them better and more user friendly. 

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