Microsoft Word Норматова Шоира darslik 11. 02 2015. doc

 

 Matnni tarjima qiling. 
 
SAMARKAND 
According to Sanskrit texts, the original name of Samarkand was 
"Markanda", named after the Vedic saint of the same name – Markanda. The 
Greeks later referred to the city as Maracanda, which is a corruption of its 
former Sanskrit name.
[2]
The city was known by an abbreviated name of 
Marakanda when Alexander the Great took it in 329 BC. There are various 
theories of how Marakanda evolved into Samarkanda/Samarkan. It is 
common to prefix "as" or "su" to names in Sankrit to denote its good nature, 
hence Sumarkanda. Another derives the name from the Old Persian 
asmara
, 
"stone", "rock", and Sogdian 
kand
, "fort", "town".
History 
Samarkand was conquered by the Sassanians around AD 260. Under 
Sassanian rule the region became an essential site for Manichaeism, and 
facilitated the dissemination of the religion throughout central Asia.
After the Sassanian disaster against the Hephtalites who managed to 
conquer Samarkand, Samarkand was controlled by the Hephtalites until they 

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were defeated by the Göktürks, in an alliance with the Sassanid Persians 
during the Battle of Bukhara. The Turks ruled over Samarkand until they 
were defeated by the Sassanids during the Göktürk–Persian Wars. After the 
Islamic conquest of Iran the Turks conquered Samarkand and held it until 
Turkic qaghanate collapsed due to wars with the Chinese Tang Dynasty. 
During this time the city became a protectorate and paid tribute to the ruling 
Tang. The armies of the Umayyad Caliphate under Qutayba ibn Muslim 
captured the city in around AD 710.
During this period, Samarkand was a diverse religious community and 
was home to a number of religions, including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, 
Hinduism, Manichaeism, Judaism and Nestorian Christianity. However, after 
the Arab conquest of Sogdiana, Islam became the dominant religion in 
Samarkand, with much of the population choosing to convert.
1. O‘zbekistonning biror viloyati haqida matn tuzig.
2.Matnda ravishlarning barcha turlarini qo‘llang.