Microsoft Word tojqi 2 Makale docx

RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Definition of Culture

Culture has various meanings according to experts from various perspectives. Sowden (2007) defines culture as a set of traditional social, artistic, and thought patterns that have been historically associated with certain social groups or nations. According to Moran (2001), culture is a way of life for a group of people who are constantly changing, which consists of a set of practices related to a set of products, which are based on a set of perspectives, and occur in certain social contexts. This definition sees culture as formed from five interrelated dimensions, namely: products, practices, perspectives, society, and individuals. According to Moran (2001), these five dimensions are manifested in a model: some are visible and some are hidden, like a lump of ice in the sea, the top is clearly visible while the bottom is submerged in water. This definition also implies that culture is dynamic, related to the past but continues to move forward and change. This cultural dynamism is closely related to human nature which actively changes products, practices and the society in which the culture is located.

B. Relationship between Culture and Language

Language and culture are two things that are interrelated. According to Brown (1994), language is part of culture and vise versa. Learning a language cannot be separated from learning how language is used in daily life, especially how the language is influenced and also helps construct the culture of its native speakers.Brown (2001) states that the relationship between language and culture is very close, so that when talking about language, culture will automatically enter into it. Culture and language are two things that are interrelated. When learning a language, knowledge of the culture from which the language originates is required. For example, in English rice can be interpreted as paddy, rice, rice, and others. In the sentence I had fried rice for my breakfast. In the sentence rice means rice, and in the sentence, the farmer growa rice in the field, rice means rice. But in Javanese, rice has many meanings, ranging from rice, unhulled rice, the term for rice grains that have been separated from the stalks (straw), rice, the term for rice that has been separated from the husks, rice is rice that has been boiled (cooked), and others, depending on the context in which they exist. Another example is the word bring, in Indonesian the word has the meaning to bring, which can also be expanded depending on how to carry it, for example; mengunggi, namely carrying an object by placing it on the head; bear, namely carrying goods by hanging them on a stick that is placed on the shoulder; carrying, namely carrying something with your hands down and not holding it too tightly and others.
Another example that shows the relationship between culture and language is seen in the phenomenon of tense in English. In English, tense is used to describe activities that are carried out at different times. For example, I went to scool and I went to school. Both sentences have the meaning "I am going to school" but the time can already be known from the different verbs even without adding an adverb of the time in the sentence. Unlike the Indonesian language, there is no change in the verb, but it is necessary to add an adverb of the time.
Culture is indispensable in language learning because it prevents misunderstandings in communication. Language tends to be always involved in cultural aspects, for example language can be a means of cultural development; language becomes a mirror and a manifestation of the culture of the people; and someone can learn culture through his language. In other words, humans live and gain experiences from and with the help of language.
According to Nababan (1986), language is the key or the main door to deepen the culture of a society. Thus matters relating to life patterns, value systems, customs that live in the midst of a society can be understood and studied through his language.