Microsoft Word Training the body and mind Examining psychological correlates of Taekwondo docx



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TrainingthebodyandmindExaminingpsychologicalcorrelatesofTaekwondo

Self-esteem and body image 
The descriptive statistics for self-esteem, body image, overall mental and physical health, 
and Taekwondo’s influence on mental and physical health are displayed in Table 2.
Table 2. Descriptive Statistics for Health and Self-Concept Variables 
Variable 
Min 
Max 

S.D. 
Body Image 


4.07 
.94 
Self-Esteem 
1.7 

3.24 
.56 
Infl.: PH 


5.06 
.96 
Infl.: MH 


5.15 
.90 
MH 


4.77 
1.05 
PH 


4.72 
0.86 
Note. Infl. = influence. PH = physical health. MH = mental health. 
As predicted, a Pearson’s correlation revealed that years of Taekwondo experience were 
positively correlated with scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, r = .31, p = .020. The 
association remained significant even after controlling for age, r = .32, p = .018. Also consistent 
with the hypothesis, a positive correlation occurred between Body Image Satisfaction scores 
and years of Taekwondo experience, r = .30, p = .025.
Thus, individuals with more Taekwondo experience reported higher levels of self-esteem 
and rated their body image more positively than did participants with less experience, providing 
support for our hypothesis. Contrary to expectations, however, self-esteem and body image 
were only marginally correlated with one another, r = .24, p = .074.
Physical and mental health 
Contrary to predictions, a partial correlation controlling for PI presence revealed that 
Taekwondo experience was only marginally correlated with participants’ ratings of their 
overall mental health, r = .25, p = .066, and was not associated with participants’ ratings of 
their overall physical health, r = .22, p = .110.
Also contrary to predictions, Taekwondo experience was not significantly correlated with 
a stronger belief that Taekwondo influences mental health, r = .17, p = .224. However, as 
predicted, the longer participants had been training in Taekwondo, the more they believed it be 
influential on their physical health, r = .28, p = .043.


 
International Journal of Martial Arts 
Controlling for age did not alter any of the findings. Specifically, years of Taekwondo 
experience remained significantly associated with a stronger belief that Taekwondo experience 
impacted physical health, r = .28, p = .044, and remained uncorrelated with beliefs that such 
experience impacted mental health, r = .17, p = .241. Overall mental health ratings remained 
marginally correlated with years of Taekwondo experience, r = .27, p = .06. Thus, participants 
with more Taekwondo experience did not rate their overall mental health more positively, nor 
did they hold stronger beliefs that Taekwondo had exerted an influence on their mental health.
However, although the length of time participants had been involved in Taekwondo was not 
associated with more positive overall physical health ratings, it was associated with a stronger 
belief that Taekwondo was influential on their physical health.

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