Ministry of higher and secondary special education of republic of uzbekistan

Chapter I. English literature in the XIX century.
Literature, in its broadest sense, is everything that has ever been written. It includes the comic books and pamphlets, as well as the novels and plays. In a narrower sense, there are various kinds of “literatures”. For example we may read literature written in a certain language, such as French literature. We also read writings about a people—The Literature of the American Indian. We often speak of the literature of a period, such as literature of the 1800s. We also refer to a subject, as in the literature of gardening. But the word literature in its strictest meaning, means more then printed words. Literature one the fine arts. It refers to bells-letters, a French phrase that meaning beautiful writing we distinguish between literature and comic books much as we distinguish between professional baseball game and a back yard game of catch. When we speak of a piece of writing as literature, we are praising it.
In the 30^s and 40^s of the XIX c. there appeared a brilliant group of such writers - realists as Ch. Dickens, W. Thackeray, Sisters Bronte, Elizabeth Gaskell and others. These writers and poets represent the critical realism in the English literature of the 30^es and 40^es of the XIX c., which is the trend in literature, a method of a truthful presentation of the objective reality. Realism reached its peak in the XIX c. literature³. Fidelity (faithfulness) to real life, exposure of the contradictions of capitalism constitute the subject matter of the literature of critical realism.
Jane Austen
At the same time, Jane Austen was writing highly polished novels about the life of the landed gentry, seen from a woman's point of view, and wryly focused on practical social issues, especially marriage and money. Austen's Pride and Prejudice 1813, is often considered the epitome of the romance genre, and some of her other most notable works include Sense and Sensibility, Mansfield Park, Persuasion and Emma.
Walter Scott's novel-writing career was launched in 1814 with Waverley, often called the first historical novel, and was followed by Ivanhoe. His popularity in England and further abroad did much to form the modern stereotype of Scottish culture. Other novels by Scott which contributed to the image of him as a Scottish patriot include Rob Roy. Scott was the highest earning and most popular author up to that time.
Mary Shelley
Mary Shelley is best known for her novel Frankenstein 1818, infusing elements of the Gothic novel and Romantic movement. Frankenstein's chilling tale suggests modern organ transplants, tissue regeneration, that remind readers of the moral issues raised by today's medicine. Shelley's 1826 novel The Last Man is often identified as the first work of modern apocalyptic fiction.