Ministry of higher education, science and innovations of the republic of uzbekistan termiz state university

:-) jilmayib;
:-))) kulib;
:-D quvnoq kulib;
:-| vazmin, neytral;
:-( qayg'uli;
:-/ norozi yoki hayron;
:-0 hayron (og'zini ochiq).
The use of emoticons is frequently used to underline the written text. For example, “I am just kidding. Hehehe~”; “This is funny. Hahaha!”; “I am really upset about my test score “, “I am getting married. XD”, etc. The following table shows some emoticons which are frequently seen in online communication:

S.R. Hiltz notes that the lack of nonverbal cues in computer-mediated communication may cause difficulty in communication⁹¹. Therefore, emoticons, in addition to the function of showing emotions, can also be used in nonverbal strategy to maintain interactional harmony by mitigating or strengthening words, e.g., “I had a big fight with my parents >_<“. To maintain good communication, many people will modulate their verbal messages with nonverbal vocal and kinesic messages to avoid conflict and also to show their care of other people’s feelings, i.e. by offering criticism in a pleasant tone with a smiley face.
The means of expressing explicit politeness are routine formulas, clichés, lexical and grammatical means. The means of implicit politeness are complemented by strategies of caution and strategies to avoid or reduce aggression; they largely correspond to the strategies of distancing (negative) and solidarizing (positive) politeness.
To explicit means, we also include conventional means that are used in the implementation of indirect motives or desires of the speaker (for example, indirect questions with Can ...?), and thereby significantly narrow the group of implicit means. Most of the language means and ways of representing the category of politeness in English, which will be described below in this chapter, relate to the forms of implementation of explicit politeness.
Basically, for the expression of politeness / impoliteness in English (as in other languages), there are two groups of means: 1) universal means of expressing politeness / impoliteness (they are marked on this basis), and 2) means that receive the status of polite / impolite in depending on the situation of communication, a specific communicative context.
In the first case, the sign is assigned to the form - language conventions, in the second case, speech conventions of use play an important role. Universal markers of politeness for directive speech act are, for example, lexemes please, kindly, possible, special politeness formulas, for example, ‘Would you mind ...?’; ‘I would be much responsible if you do...' etc.
In general, e-mail messages should be written in a very polite and formal style. Therefore, when starting to write an e-mail, if there is one, you can start with the name and surname of the recipient, and in other cases, you can enter the name of the organization. Words you need to get started: Dear Mr. Johnson; Dear Professor Steyne; Dear Effort Team members. At the end of the message, of course, you should express your gratitude and, if necessary, express that you are looking forward to a reply. The following words can be used to express gratitude: “Thank you for your time”; “Thanks for your help; I really appreciate it!”; "I look forward to receiving your response soon!". At the end of the message, you should politely restate your identity: Sincerely; Best Regards; Respectfully.
Email as a medium of communication has quickly spread over the past two decades and is nowadays often used as the main channel in the academic environment. M. Economidou-Kogetsidis claims that students view the medium as positioned somewhere between written discourse (formal letters) and oral discourse and thus tend to disrespect certain politeness rules, even more so as the Face threat seems to be mitigated by the physical absence of both participants⁹². Furthermore, A. Danielewicz-Betz brings attention to the fact that due to relative newness of email as a communication channel, there are no established norms for such interaction; in fact the author claims that there is a lack of generally accepted rules of netiquette or e-politeness⁹³. In relation to this issue, A. Hallajian, M.K. David suggest that the academic staff often view students’ emails as impolite and admit this fact shapes their approach to the students⁹⁴. L. Grabowski as cited in A. Danielewicz-Betz introduces a concept of so-called lazy emails⁹⁵. Such emails “would be typically sent without a salutation (no greeting), students would ask for information about a missed class; use excessive abbreviations unconventional punctuation (e.g., multiplied exclamation marks that read like yelling), with the whole message sometimes typed entirely in lower case.” On account of these features it appears that sloppy email communication is influenced by texting, and more particularly instant messaging⁹⁶.