14. Beautiful Kingsley House
was
built in the 18th century, and all the rooms are
decorated and furnished in the style of
the time. They include the dining room, study
and dressing room, which contains a display of
18th-
century ladies’
clothing. Our volunteer guides in each room
bring the house to life with stories of the past.
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Page 4
Part 3
Read the text and choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them. You cannot use any heading
more than once.
Each statement can be used ONCE only. There are TWO extra statements which you do not need to
use.
Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
List of Headings
A) A time when opportunities were limited
B
) The reasons why Ferando’s product is needed
C) A no-risk solution
D) Two inventions and some physical details
E) The contrasting views of different generations
F) A disturbing experience
G) The problems with replacing a consumer item
H) Looking back at why water was bottled
15. Paragraph I
16. Paragraph II
17. Paragraph III
18. Paragraph IV
19. Paragraph V
20. Paragraph VI
Plastic is no longer fantastic
I In 2017, Carlos Ferrando, a Spanish engineer-turned-entrepreneur, saw a piece
of art in a museum that profoundly affected him. ‘What Lies Under’, a
photographic composition by Indonesian digital artist Ferdi Rizkiyanto, shows a
child crouching by the edge of the ocean and ‘lifting up’ a wave, to reveal a
cluster of assorted plastic waste, from polyethylene bags to water bottles. The
artwork, designed to raise public awareness, left Ferrando angry
–
and fuelled
with entrepreneurial ideas.
II Ferrando runs a Spanish-based design company, Closca, that produces an
ingenious foldable bicycle helmet. But he has now also designed a stylish glass
water bottle with a stretchy silicone strap and magnetic closure mechanism that
means it can be attached to almost anything, from a bike to a bag to a pushchair
handle. The product comes with an app that tells people where they can fill their
bottles with water for free.
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@online_reception
Youtube:
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@multileveltest
Page 5
III. The intention is to persuade people to stop buying water in plastic bottles,
thus saving consumers money and reducing the plastic waste piling up in our
oceans. ‘Bottled water is now a $100 billion business, and 81 per cent of the
bottles are no
t recycled . It’s a complete waste –
water is only 1.5 per cent of
the price of the bottle!’ Ferrando cries. Indeed, environmentalists estimate
that by 2050 there will be more plastic in our oceans than fish and that’s
mainly down to such bottles. ‘We are
trying to create a sense that being
environmentally sophisticated is a status symbol,’ he adds. ‘We want people
to clip their bottles onto what they are wearing, to show that they are
recycling
–
and to look cool.’
IV.
Ferrando’s story is fascinating beca
use it seems like an indicator of
something unexpected. Three decades ago, conspicuous consumption
–
the
purchase of luxuries, such as handbags, shoes, cars, etc. on a lavish scale
–
heightened people’s social status. Indeed, the closing decades of the 20t
h
century were a time when it seemed that anything could be turned into a
commodity. Hence the fact that water became a consumer item, sold in
plastic bottles, instead of just emerging, for free, from a tap.
V. Today, though, conspicuous extravagance no longer seems desirable among
consumers. Now, recycling is fashionable
–
as is cycling rather than driving.
Plastic water bottles have become so common that they do not command
status; instead, what many millennials
–
young people born in the late 20th
century
–
prefer to post on social media are ‘real’ (refillable) bottles or even
the once widespread Thermos bottles. Some teenagers currently think that
these stainless-steel vacuum-insulated water bottles that are coming back
onto the market are ultra ‘cool’; never mind the fact that they feel oddly out
-
of-date to anyone over the age of 40 or that teenagers in the 1970s would
have avoided ever being seen with one.
VI
. It is uncertain whether Clesca will succeed in its goal. Although its foldable
bike helmet is available in some outlets in New York, includ ing the Museum
of Modern Art, it can be very hard for any design entrepreneur to really take
off in the global mass market, though not as hard as it might have been in the
past. If an entrepreneur had wanted to fund a smart invention a few decades
ago, he or she would have had to either raise a bank loan, borrow money
from a family member or use a credit card. Things have moved on slightly
since then.
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